{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:26:19Z","timestamp":1762323979531},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The beneficial effects of estrogen on endothelial function depend on its integrity. This study evaluates the short-term effects of low-dose transdermal estradiol on endothelial function, insulin sensitivity, and blood viscosity in nondiabetic overweight\/obese women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Forty-four nondiabetic overweight\/obese women with a history of recent menopause were randomly allocated, in a double-blind fashion, to receive transdermal estradiol (1\u200amg\/d, n\u200a=\u200a22) or placebo (n\u200a=\u200a22). The following parameters were assessed: endothelial reactivity (venous occlusion plethysmography and nailfold videocapillaroscopy), plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules, insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and areas under the curve of insulin and glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test), and blood and plasma viscosity. Data were expressed as means\u200a\u00b1\u200aSD or medians [first to third quartiles].<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Participants were aged 51.8\u200a\u00b1\u200a2.3 years with a body mass index of 31.5\u200a\u00b1\u200a2.5\u200akg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and time since menopause was 3 [2-5] years. At baseline, no differences between the groups were observed; however, after 3 months of treatment, the following changes were observed in the estradiol group compared with the placebo group: a decrease in the forearm vascular resistance at baseline (36.37 [24.9-51.27] vs 51.3 [40.88-70.03]\u200amm Hg\/mL per min 100\u200amL tissue<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01) and during the postocclusive reactive hyperemia response (15.93 [11.32-22.29] vs 22.13 [16.46-29.7]\u200amm Hg\/mL per min 100\u200amL tissue<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01), and an increase in red blood cell velocity at rest (0.316 [0.309-0.326] vs 0.303 [0.293-0.308]\u200amm\/s, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001) and during postocclusive reactive hyperemia response (0.374 [0.353-0.376] vs 0.341 [0.333-0.355] mm\/s, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001). Furthermore, blood viscosity was lower in the estradiol group than in the placebo group (3.57\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.12 vs 3.76\u200a\u00b1\u200a0.22 mPa.s; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Short-term use of low-dose transdermal estradiol in nondiabetic overweight\/obese women with a history of recent menopause improved endothelial function and decreased blood viscosity compared with placebo.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0000000000000686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T15:56:38Z","timestamp":1468943798000},"page":"1114-1121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Short-term effects of low-dose estradiol on endothelial function and blood viscosity in nondiabetic postmenopausal overweight women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Diogo G.","family":"Panazzolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lucia H.A.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Priscila A.","family":"Maranh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria G.C.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Nogueira Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipids Laboratory (LabLip), Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lenora M.C.S.M.","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Unit, Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}]},{"given":"Eliete","family":"Bouskela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luiz G.","family":"Kraemer-Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Obesity Unit, Policl\u00ednica Piquet Carneiro, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil."}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.109710","article-title":"Global mortality trends and patterns in older women","volume":"91","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R2-20230814","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-12-102","article-title":"Obesity, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose, and microvascular dysfunction: a principal component 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