{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T03:17:11Z","timestamp":1761621431407},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To test optical coherence tomography leakage in the identification and quantification of choroidal neovascularization\u2013related fluid, its change after anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration eyes and its relation to functional outcome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Prospective analysis of a cohort of neovascular age-related macular degeneration cases treated with 2.0-mg intravitreal aflibercept. Eyes included were analyzed before, 1-week, and 1-month after one injection. Best-corrected visual acuity was assessed using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study method. Optical coherence tomography leakage maps depicting low optical reflectivity (LOR) sites were acquired with OCT Cirrus AngioPlex (Zeiss, Dublin, CA). The LOR area ratio was correlated to retinal thickness and best-corrected visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography angiography was simultaneously performed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-two eyes of 18 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration were included. The LOR ratio of the full retina scan and retinal pigment epithelium\u2013Bruch layer decreased from baseline to Month 1 (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Changes in retinal thickness and LOR ratio were positively correlated (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Best-corrected visual acuity change correlated with the outer segment layer LOR change (rho = \u22120.53, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014), and LOR was inferior in better responders (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.021). Optical coherence tomography leakage identified eyes with recurrent fluid in the external layers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Optical coherence tomography leakage identified and quantified the fluid related to choroidal neovascularization activity. Low optical reflectivity change in the outer segment layer correlates with functional outcome and increasing LOR in the external layers may be a marker of early recurrence. Combining optical coherence tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography leakage allows both for choroidal neovascularization morphology and activity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000002470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,9]],"date-time":"2019-02-09T05:41:24Z","timestamp":1549690884000},"page":"881-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY LEAKAGE IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Farinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; and"}]},{"given":"Torcato","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Superior School of Health Technologies of the Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Dalila","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Rufino","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; and"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cunha-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal; and"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.03.008","article-title":"The natural history and prognosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R2-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2017.67","article-title":"A systematic review to assess the 'treat-and-extend' dosing regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using ranibizumab","volume":"31","author":"Rufai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"R3-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.564","article-title":"Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States","volume":"122","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.03.045","article-title":"Five-Year outcomes with anti\u2013vascular endothelial growth factor treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"123","author":"Maguire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.09.006","article-title":"Intravitreal aflibercept (VEGF trap-eye) in wet age-related macular degeneration","volume":"119","author":"Heier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R6-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.046","article-title":"Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated patients in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP)","volume":"120","author":"Rofagha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.02.009","article-title":"Two-year outcomes of \u201ctreat and extend\u201d intravitreal therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"122","author":"Arnold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R8-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2015.07.007","article-title":"A paradigm shift in imaging biomarkers in neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"50","author":"Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"R9-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2017-310155","article-title":"Vitreomacular adhesion or vitreomacular traction may affect antivascular endothelium growth factor treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration","volume":"101","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.057","article-title":"Brolucizumab versus aflibercept in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a randomized trial","volume":"124","author":"Dugel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R11-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.02.002","article-title":"Agreement between OCT leakage and fluorescein angiography to identify sites of alteration of the blood\u2013retinal barrier in diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Cunha-Vaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"R12-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6776","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19999","article-title":"OCT-leakage: a new method to identify and locate abnormal fluid accumulation in diabetic retinal edema","volume":"57","author":"Cunha-Vaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R13-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001905","article-title":"Measurements of retinal fluid by OCT-leakage in diabetic macular edema. A biomarker of visual acuity response to treatment","volume":"39","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"R14-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.03.004","article-title":"OCT-leakage mapping: a new automated method of OCT data analysis to identify and locate abnormal fluid in retinal edema","volume":"1","author":"Farinha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retin"},{"key":"R15-20230817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.023","article-title":"Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the IN OCT consensus","volume":"121","author":"Staurenghi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002470","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T01:08:53Z","timestamp":1692234533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002470"}},"subtitle":["Identification of Choroidal Neovascularization Activity by Location and Quantification of Abnormal Fluid Under Anti\u2013Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000002470","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-004X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-004X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}}}