{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:06:29Z","timestamp":1772093189207,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo de Inova\u04ab\u00e3o, Tecnologia e Economia Circular","award":["FITEC\/CIT\/2018\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FITEC\/CIT\/2018\/2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To determine the degree of central microvascular closure using optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes of patients with type 2 diabetes with visible lesions only in the central retina or only in the periphery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. All 127 eyes underwent ultra-widefield fundus photography 200\u00b0 examinations with OPTOS California (Optos, Dunfermline, United Kingdom) and Cirrus Angioplex optical coherence tomography angiography 3 \u00d7 3 mm acquisitions (ZEISS, Dublin, CA).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-five eyes showed visible lesions only in the central retina, 57 only in the peripheral retina, and 45 presented visible lesions in entire retina. The group with visible lesions only in the periphery showed definite closure in the superficial capillary plexus in 49% of the eyes, whereas the group with visible lesions only in the central seven-early treatment diabetic retinopathy study fields area showed a definite closure in 64%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Central capillary closure is already present in the initial stages of diabetic retinopathy even when lesions are only visible in the peripheral retina. Capillary closure in the superficial capillary plexus is three times more frequent than in the deep capillary plexus, demonstrating earlier closure of the superficial capillary plexus. Eyes with visible lesions only in the periphery show a milder form of retinopathy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/iae.0000000000004021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T22:00:38Z","timestamp":1702936838000},"page":"700-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL INVOLVEMENT OF THE RETINA IN THE INITIAL STAGES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"CORC\u2014Coimbra Ophthalmology Reading Center, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Department of Orthoptics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Reste-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Pereira","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"CORC\u2014Coimbra Ophthalmology Reading Center, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Cunha-Vaz Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Torcato","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayside Photonics, Inc, Yellow Springs, Ohio; and"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0947-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cunha-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIBILI\u2014Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal;"},{"name":"University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal."}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.024","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040","volume":"128","author":"Ogurtsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"R3-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.08.009","article-title":"Comparison between Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 7-field retinal photos and non-mydriatic, mydriatic and mydriatic steered widefield scanning laser ophthalmoscopy for assessment of diabetic retinopathy","volume":"29","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"R4-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000526370","article-title":"Characterization of 2-year progression of different phenotypes of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"66","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"key":"R5-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.3.20","article-title":"Characterization of disease progression in the initial stages of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a 2-year longitudinal study","volume":"61","author":"Marques","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"R6-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.01.008","article-title":"Peripheral lesions identified on ultrawide field imaging predict increased risk of diabetic retinopathy progression over 4 years","volume":"122","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755730","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.755730","article-title":"Comparison of different metrics for the identification of vascular changes in diabetic retinopathy using OCTA","volume":"15","author":"Mendes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"R8-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.05.004","article-title":"Peripheral lesions identified by mydriatic ultrawide field imaging: distribution and potential impact on diabetic retinopathy severity","volume":"120","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R9-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.07.034","article-title":"Diabetic retinopathy severity and peripheral lesions are associated with nonperfusion on ultrawide field angiography","volume":"122","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R10-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790515.x","article-title":"The regional distribution of diabetic retinopathy lesions may reflect risk factors for progression of the disease","volume":"79","author":"Bek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R11-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30051-2","article-title":"Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables","volume":"6","author":"Ahlqvist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"R12-20250605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800004","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.800004","article-title":"Retinal neurodegeneration in different risk phenotypes of diabetic retinal disease","volume":"15","author":"Madeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Retina"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,5]],"date-time":"2025-06-05T17:02:18Z","timestamp":1749142938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/iae.0000000000004021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-004X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-004X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}