{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T06:27:55Z","timestamp":1767421675266},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is scarcity of European data about intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering prescribing patterns. We aimed to describe and discuss the nationwide prescription of these medications in Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study including all patients who were prescribed at least 1 IOP-lowering medication in 2015 in Portugal. All ocular hypotensive drug prescriptions were gathered from the common electronic drug prescription system used by all hospitals and clinics in Portugal. Demographic data, medications prescribed (number and formulation), physician specialty, and costs of medications were provided in an encrypted and anonymous form. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 231,634 participants (57% women) were prescribed IOP-lowering medications in 2015, representing 4.0% of the population older than 40 years of age and 2.2% of the Portuguese total population. Mean age was 72\u00b113 years. Topical IOP-lowering therapy accounted for a total of 26 million euros (M\u20ac) in costs, shared between patients and the national health system. General practitioners (GPs) accounted for 52% of all prescriptions. The most prescribed drugs were latanoprost (28%), timolol\/dorzolamide (19%), and brimonidine (14%). Among all, 72% of patients were on monotherapy. Compared with ophthalmologists, GPs presented qualitative differences in their prescription pattern, such as a lower proportion of unit dose prescription.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A significant percentage of the Portuguese population is currently treated with IOP-lowering medications, and the majority of them are on monotherapy. Although GPs are responsible for most prescriptions, their prescription pattern is different from that of ophthalmologists. This nationwide study revealed prescription patterns and disclosed the burden of the disease in terms of its medical management.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ijg.0000000000000668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T15:19:05Z","timestamp":1491059945000},"page":"571-576","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Use of Ocular Hypotensive Medications in Portugal: PEM Study: A Cross-sectional Nationwide Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"David Cordeiro","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Santa Maria"},{"name":"Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, PT"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Santa Maria"},{"name":"Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, PT"}]},{"given":"Nilton","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shared Services of the Ministry of Health, EPE, Lisboa, PT"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Marques-Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Santa Maria"},{"name":"Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, PT"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Tuulonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FI"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Abeg\u00e3o Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Santa Maria"},{"name":"Visual Sciences Study Center, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, PT"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2012.02.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of glaucoma: what\u2019s new?","volume":"47","author":"Cook","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R3-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.013","article-title":"Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"121","author":"Tham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R5-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0333-6","article-title":"Quality of life in glaucoma: a review of the literature","volume":"33","author":"Quaranta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"R6-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.08.014","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in quality of life and rates of progressive visual field loss in glaucoma patients","volume":"122","author":"Medeiros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R7-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1770-z","article-title":"Primary care physicians\u2019 role perception and self-reported performance in glaucoma care: a survey study","volume":"8","author":"Rotshtein","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R8-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta11410","article-title":"The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for open angle glaucoma: a systematic review and economic evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Burr","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R9-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.08.006","article-title":"Risk factors for glaucoma onset and progression","volume":"53","author":"Coleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R10-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f3518","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f3518","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"346","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R11-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13168","article-title":"Right services to right patients at right time in right setting in Tays Eye Centre","volume":"94","author":"Tuulonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R12-20230912","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306757","article-title":"Monitoring ocular hypertension, how much and how often? 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