{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T09:05:07Z","timestamp":1765875907399,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pain","PAIN"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder worldwide, is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular and periarticular structures, leading to physical and emotional impairments that greatly affect the quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, no therapy has been able to halt the progression of the disease. Owing to the complexity of OA, most animal models are only able to mimic a specific stage or feature of the human disorder. In this work, we demonstrate the intraarticular injection of kaolin or carrageenan leads to the progressive degeneration of the rat's knee joint, accompanied by mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia, gait impairments (reduced contact area of the affected limb), and radiological and histopathological findings concomitant with the development of human grade 4 OA. In addition, animals also display emotional impairments 4 weeks after induction, namely, anxious and depressive-like behaviour, important and common comorbidities of human OA patients. Overall, prolonging kaolin or carrageenan-induced monoarthritis mimics several important physical and psychological features of human OA in both male and female rodents and could be further applied in long-term studies of OA-associated chronic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,30]],"date-time":"2023-06-30T16:01:38Z","timestamp":1688140898000},"page":"2477-2490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Injection of kaolin\/carrageenan in the rat knee joint induces progressive experimental knee osteoarthritis"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Amorim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3568-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Fonseca-Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"David-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Oct\u00e1via","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nia Palhares","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosete","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rute","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Merelim Veterinary Center, Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Minho University, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Pirraco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Minho University, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Pertovaara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B's\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 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