{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T17:31:58Z","timestamp":1763141518999},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of bacterial contamination on biometric identification devices in a public hospital; identify the species of bacteria implicated in the contamination and assess bacterial recovery after the use of 2 types of disinfectants: alcohol 70% and isopropyl alcohol chlorhexidine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Before and after trial.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Public hospital, tertiary referral center.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Participants:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All existing biometric identification devices in the hospital (n\u200a=\u200a20).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Collection of 2 microbiological samples from the fingerprint reading surface of biometric devices immediately before and after applying the solution with alcohol 70% and in separate time periods with isopropyl alcohol chlorhexidine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It have been identified 21 different bacterial species in a total of 78 samples, mostly <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic> (32 samples) and <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S aureus<\/jats:italic> (7 samples). <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S epidermidis<\/jats:italic> was eliminated in 61.5% of the samples after disinfecting with alcohol 70% and in 92.3% of the samples disinfected with isopropyl alcohol chlorhexidine. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S aureus<\/jats:italic> was eliminated in 33.3% and 100% of the samples, respectively. We found no bacterial growth in 10% of the devices after disinfection with 70% alcohol and in 78.9% of devices after disinfection with isopropyl alcohol chlorhexidine. We also found that there was a decrease in the frequency of species isolated after using both disinfection solutions, although isopropyl alcohol chlorhexidine appeared to be more effective.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The biometric identification devices used in this hospital seem to be safe regardless of the products used for its cleaning. The majority of the bacteria found are commensal skin microorganisms. We did not find pathogenic bacteria for immunocompetent individuals, in particular methicillin<jats:bold>-<\/jats:bold>resistant <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S aureus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T21:07:08Z","timestamp":1614200828000},"page":"e088","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bacterial growth and recovery on hospital biometric devices: effect of two types of disinfectants"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Norton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"},{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Tiago","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit, Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]},{"given":"Carlos Pedro","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Health, Centro Hospitalar S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R3-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2007.69","article-title":"Red-eye blink, bendy shuffle, and the yuck factor: a user experience of biometric airport systems","volume":"5","author":"Sasse","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Secur Priv."},{"key":"R4-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/09603120500115298","volume":"15","author":"Reynolds","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Environ Health Res."},{"issue":"(6 suppl 1)","key":"R6-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.04.002","article-title":"Managing methicillin-resistant staphylococci: a paradigm for preventing nosocomial transmission of resistant organisms","volume":"119","author":"Henderson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"key":"R7-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(03)00146-4","article-title":"A comparison of the bacteria found on the hands of \u201chomemakers\u201d and neonatal intensive care unit nurses","volume":"54","author":"Aiello","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect."},{"key":"R8-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200209000-00011","article-title":"Change in epidemiology of health care-associated infections in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"21","author":"Nambiar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J."},{"key":"R9-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01531.x","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 hands as vectors of hospital-acquired infection: a review","volume":"16","author":"Gould","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs."},{"key":"R10-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00450-0","article-title":"Nosocomial infections in coronary care units in the United States. 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