{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T18:50:04Z","timestamp":1776106204651,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of metabolic disturbances, represented by various cardiovascular risk factors which are generally associated with the central accumulation of fat and the resistance to insulin. Inadequate changes in eating behaviours and weight loss, which are associated to taking part in regular physical activity, are considered to be primary and first choice therapies for the treatment of MS, as they assist in the reduction of the abdominal girth and visceral fat, improve the sensibility to insulin and reduce the plasmatic concentrations of glucose and triglycerides, raise the values of high density lipoproteins and, consequently decrease the risk factors which contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. The MS is a current discussion theme in the health field as it is related to illnesses\/diseases, which not only cause a worldwide high mortality rate but show increasing incidence. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by a deregulation of the carbohydrates, lipids and proteins found in the metabolism and result in diminished secretion of insulin, resistance to insulin or a combination of both. Type 2 diabetes is the most form of diabetes of the first 3 types of diabetes, representing 90% of all cases. Diabetes is a chronic and complex disease which requires a strict medical follow-up so as to reduce the risks and obtain strategies for its control. The fast-epidemiological global evolution which has been registered in the last few years, leads to it being considered one of the pandemics of the 21st century. In this non-systematic and advanced review of the MS in type 2 diabetic patients, several articles were consulted, and some recently published studies were analysed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T23:00:08Z","timestamp":1607036408000},"page":"e101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients: a review of current evidence"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Virg\u00ednia M.G.","family":"Regufe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Cristina M.C.B.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Pedro M.V.H.C.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o University Hospital Center"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"R3-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107843","article-title":"Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition","volume":"157","author":"Saeedi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"R4-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation","volume":"15","author":"Alberti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"R5-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome\u2014a new world-wide definition. A Consensus Statement from the International Diabetes Federation","volume":"23","author":"Alberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"key":"R6-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"R8-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943162","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/943162","article-title":"A comprehensive review on metabolic syndrome","volume":"2014","author":"Kaur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract."},{"key":"R9-20231106","first-page":"364","article-title":"Frequency of the WHO metabolic syndrome in European cohorts, and an alternative definition of an insulin resistance syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Balkau","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"R10-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.064","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in the adult US population, 1999\u20132010","volume":"62","author":"Beltr\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"key":"R11-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1198","article-title":"Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Brazilian adults: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"de Carvalho Vidigal","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"key":"R12-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180","article-title":"A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disease Models Mech."},{"key":"R13-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1518","article-title":"Prevention of type 2 diabetes in subjects with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with phentermine and topiramate extended release","volume":"37","author":"Garvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R15-20231106","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"38","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"R16-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i13.1246","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research","volume":"6","author":"Leon","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes."},{"key":"R17-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.11.002","article-title":"Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035","volume":"103","author":"Guariguata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"R18-20231106","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Baynes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"R19-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5897\/JPAP2013.0001","article-title":"The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Ozougwu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol Pathophysiol."},{"key":"R20-20231106","first-page":"787","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"88","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Clin."},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"R21-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S97","article-title":"Mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell death in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: many differences, few similarities","volume":"54","author":"Cnop","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"R22-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29103","article-title":"Islet beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes","volume":"116","author":"Prentki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"R23-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00572.x","article-title":"Relationships between changes in body composition and changes in cardiovascular risk factors: the SOS Intervention Study. Swedish Obese Subjects","volume":"5","author":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obes Res."},{"key":"R24-20231106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.11.057","article-title":"Inflammation and insulin resistance","volume":"582","author":"De Luca","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R27-20231106","first-page":"S80","article-title":"Diabetes care in the hospital, nursing home, and skilled nursing facility","volume":"38","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R28-20231106","first-page":"S58","article-title":"Microvascular complications and foot care","volume":"38","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."}],"container-title":["Porto Biomedical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T02:03:03Z","timestamp":1699236183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2444-8664"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2444-8664","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}}}