{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:34:46Z","timestamp":1772692486440,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ankle sprains are common and often develop into chronic ankle instability. Ankle laxity is usually assessed by manual testing followed by magnetic resonance imaging to confirm the diagnosis. Manual testing however provides a subjective measure and is limited to the assessor sensibility. Current available technologies incorporate arthrometers to objectively measuring ankle laxity, but are not capable to assess the structural integrity of the capsuloligamentous structures. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel medical device to assist in the diagnosis of ankle ligament injuries\u2014the Porto Ankle Testing Device. With this device, it is possible to combine and correlate the assessment of the capsuloligamentous\u2019 structural integrity with the joint functional competence (ie, joint multiplanar laxity). The main purpose of this work is to present the fundamental aspects and step-by-step development of the Porto Ankle Testing Device. We discuss the design specifications and technical requirements with the purpose to design and develop this medical device, described the features of the different components and explained the mechanical systems that are incorporated emulate manual testing and to measure the multiplanar ankle laxity. The preliminary findings are presented with the purpose to display the assessment protocol, the method of laxity measurement and the obtained results. We propose a unique and reliable medical device to safety and effectively assess ankle ligament injuries and contribute to enhance diagnosis, refine treatment indications and allow objective measurement of ligament laxity before and\/or after stabilization surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T21:07:37Z","timestamp":1614200857000},"page":"e122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development of a medical device compatible with MRI\/CT to measure ankle joint laxity: the Porto Ankle Testing Device"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Renato","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre\u2014FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sports, University of Porto"}]},{"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre\u2014FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, Campus Azur\u00e9m, Guimar\u00e3es"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre\u2014FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal; Hospital Privado de Braga, Lugar da Igreja Nogueira, Braga"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, CIFI2D and Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"C. Niek","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica Do Drag\u00e3o, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Center, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Department Orthopedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence Ripoll De Prado and Van Dijk Sport Clinic, Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Espregueira-Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241001","first-page":"311","article-title":"Epidemiology of collegiate injuries for 15 sports: summary and recommendations for injury prevention initiatives","volume":"42","author":"Hootman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Athl Train."},{"key":"R2-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2011.2168","article-title":"Trends in the incidence of physician-diagnosed mild traumatic brain injury among active duty U.S. military personnel between 1997 and 2007","volume":"29","author":"Cameron","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma."},{"key":"R3-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738116659639","article-title":"Incidence and cost of ankle sprains in United States emergency departments","volume":"8","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"key":"R4-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.04.023","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of chronic musculoskeletal ankle disorders in the community","volume":"93","author":"Hiller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"R5-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00006","article-title":"A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports","volume":"37","author":"Fong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"R6-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.02.032","article-title":"Sport-related ankle injuries attending an accident and emergency department","volume":"39","author":"Fong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"R7-20241001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii, ix\u2013x, 1\u2013121","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13130","article-title":"Treatment of severe ankle sprain: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial comparing the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of three types of mechanical ankle support with tubular bandage. 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