{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:16:23Z","timestamp":1758633383457},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of anti-HCV and HBsAg in Portugal has been shown to be elevated in high-risk groups, such as intravenous drug-users and incarcerated individuals. However, in the general population, prevalence remains largely unknown. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of anti-HCV and HBsAg in the general Portuguese population and identify associated risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We carried out a nationwide, population-based cross-sectional study of adults resident in mainland Portugal. Serology for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV was performed. Anti-HCV-positive individuals were tested for HCV RNA by PCR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 1685 participants, 50.6% were men, mean age 50.2\u00b118.3 years. In terms of hepatitis C, the prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.54% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2\u20130.9] and 0.12% (95% CI: 0.0\u20130.3) were viremic, with peak prevalence among individuals 35\u201364 years of age (0.8%), men (0.8%), and individuals from Lisbon and Tagus Valley region (1.9%).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>In terms of hepatitis B, the estimated prevalence of HBsAg was 1.45% (95% CI: 0.9\u20132.0). A higher prevalence was found in individuals who were 35\u201364 years old (2.2%), in men (2.5%), and in the Northern region (2.6%).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The presence of positive serological markers of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infection did not correlate with elevated aminotransferases, race, place of birth, and alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results suggest a low endemicity for both hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the general population, in contrast to a very high prevalence in risk groups, thus suggesting that targeted screening to high-risk groups may be more cost-effective than general population screening.<\/jats:p>\n          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