{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T20:14:28Z","timestamp":1776024868570,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum vitamin D level is commonly low in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although there is a growing body of evidence that links low vitamin D level to certain aspects of IBD such as disease activity and quality of life, data on its prevalence and how it varies across disease phenotype, smoking status and treatment groups are still missing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients diagnosed with IBD between 2010 and 2011 were recruited. Demographic data and serum vitamin D levels were collected. Variance of vitamin D level was then assessed across different treatment groups, disease phenotype, disease activity and quality of life scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 238 (55.9% male) patients were included. Overall, 79% of the patients had either insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D at diagnosis. Patients needing corticosteroid treatment at 1 year had significantly lower vitamin D levels at diagnosis (median 36.0\u2009nmol\/l) (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.035). Harvey\u2013Bradshaw Index (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.0001) and Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index scores (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.0001) were significantly lower in patients with higher vitamin D level. Serum vitamin D level correlated significantly with SIBQ score (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.0001) and with multiple components of SF12. Smokers at diagnosis had the lowest vitamin D levels (vitamin D: 34\u2009nmol\/l;<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.053).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the high prevalence of low vitamin D levels in treatment-naive European IBD populations. Furthermore, it demonstrates the presence of low vitamin D levels in patients with IBD who smoke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/meg.0000000000001238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,21]],"date-time":"2018-08-21T18:12:21Z","timestamp":1534875141000},"page":"1297-1303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in a European inflammatory bowel disease inception cohort: an Epi-IBD study"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Stefania","family":"Chetcuti Zammit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Division, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ellul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Division, Mater Dei Hospital, Malta"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Girardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Valpiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia Digestiva, Ospedale Morgagni, Pierantoni, Forl\u00ec, Italy"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1ri R.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3nger\u00f0","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Goldis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine \u2018Victor Babes\u2019, Timisoara, Romania, Balkans"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Lazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine \u2018Victor Babes\u2019, Timisoara, Romania, Balkans"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Shonov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Budweis, South Bohemia"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Budweis, South Bohemia"}]},{"given":"Shaji","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Unit, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Carmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Povisa, Vigo"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Martinez-Cadilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica Galicia Sur. Estrutura Organizativa de Xesti\u00f3n Integrada de Vigo, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jens F.","family":"Dahlerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus"}]},{"given":"Adriana L.H.","family":"Kievit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herning"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Thorsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herning"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos H.","family":"Katsanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Medical School and University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios K.","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Medical School and University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Magro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Hospital S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology 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University, \u00d6rebro"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Halfvarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, \u00d6rebro"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Duricova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Clinical and Research Centre Iscare, Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Bortlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBD Clinical and Research Centre Iscare, Prague, Czech Republic"}]},{"given":"Pekka","family":"Collin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pekka Collin Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Oksanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pekka Collin Department of Gastroenterology and Alimentary Tract Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland"}]},{"given":"Gediminas","family":"Kiudelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Limas","family":"Kupcinskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Kudsk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focused Research Unit for Molecular Diagnostic and Clinical Research, IRS-Center Sonderjylland, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Aabenraa"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"O\u2019Morain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, TCD, Dublin, 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