{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T14:56:15Z","timestamp":1775055375598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pancreas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Azathioprine (AZA)-induced pancreatitis (AIP) is a common, idiosyncratic adverse effect whose incidence and risk factors data in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are not fully clarified. We aimed to establish the incidence, clinical course and identify risk factors for AIP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study including all IBD patients on AZA between January 2013 and July 2020 was conducted. Patients with AIP were considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Azathioprine-induced pancreatitis occurred in 33 patients (7.5%; 442 patients on AZA). The mean time receiving AZA until AIP was 25 days, with a mean dose of 88 mg. All patients had a mild course of disease, which resolved with suspension of AZA and with no complications. Smoking (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02), single daily dose of AZA (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and concomitant budesonide (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001) were risk factors for AIP. In multivariate analysis, concomitant treatment with budesonide (odds ratio, 5.3;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) and single daily dose of AZA (odds ratio, 3.8;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002) were the only predictors of AIP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although AIP was a relatively common adverse effect, it presented a mild course in all patients. Smoking, concomitant use of budesonide, and single-dose regimen of AZA should be avoided in IBD patients treated with AZA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0000000000002012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:18:53Z","timestamp":1652919533000},"page":"288-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Finding Predictors of Azathioprine-Induced Pancreatitis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1782-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Freitas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8010-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Lima Capela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-9067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Macedo Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7381-5532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Arieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5540-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"C\u00fardia Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7633-9180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Dias de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Firmino-Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2921-0648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"bib1-20260401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318484","article-title":"British Society of Gastroenterology consensus guidelines on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults","volume":"68","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"bib2-20260401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i11.1699","article-title":"Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease revisited","volume":"19","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"bib3-20260401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjz180","article-title":"ECCO guidelines on therapeutics in Crohn's disease: medical treatment","volume":"14","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"bib4-20260401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjx009","article-title":"Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. 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