{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T07:04:09Z","timestamp":1769583849848,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growing\u2010up milk (GUM) with added short\u2010chain galacto\u2010oligosaccharides (scGOS)\/long\u2010chain fructo\u2010oligosaccharides (lcFOS) (9:1) (Immunofortis) and n\u20103 long\u2010chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) on the occurrence of infections in healthy children attending day care centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a randomised double\u2010blind controlled, parallel, multicountry intervention study, 767 healthy children, ages 11 to 29 months, received GUM with scGOS\/lcFOS\/LCPUFAs (the active group, n = 388), GUM without scGOS\/lcFOS\/LCPUFAs (the control group, n = 379), or cow's milk (n = 37) for 52 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the number of episodes of upper respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal infections based on a combination of subject's illness symptoms reported by the parents during the intervention period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children in the active group compared with the control group had a decreased risk of developing at least 1 infection (299\/388 [77%] vs 313\/379 [83%], respectively, relative risk 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87\u20131.00; logistic regression<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.03). There was a trend toward a reduction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.07) in the total number of infections in the active group, which was significant when confirmed by one of the investigators (268\/388 [69%] vs 293\/379 [77%], respectively, relative risk 0.89, 95% CI 0.82\u20130.97;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.004, post hoc). More infectious episodes were observed in the cow's milk group, when compared with both GUM groups (34\/37 [92%] vs 612\/767 [80%], respectively, relative risk 1.15, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.28).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study in children to show a reduced risk of infection following consumption of GUM supplemented with scGOS\/lcFOS\/n\u20103 LCPUFAs. The borderline statistical significance justifies a new study to confirm this finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/mpg.0000000000000252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,14]],"date-time":"2014-01-14T04:39:54Z","timestamp":1389674394000},"page":"428-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Effects of Growing\u2010Up Milk Supplemented With Prebiotics and LCPUFAs on Infections in Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Pantipa","family":"Chatchatee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Allergy and Immunology Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}]},{"given":"Way S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University Malaya Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Carrilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Clinica Pediatrica da Amadora Amadora Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pensri","family":"Kosuwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand"}]},{"given":"Nipat","family":"Simakachorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand"}]},{"given":"Yalcin","family":"Yavuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Bastiaan","family":"Schouten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Patricia Logtens\u2010de","family":"Graaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Hania","family":"Szajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-199302000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80285-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.882"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2004.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01644951"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.86.3.F178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200501000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.6.1401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2420"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20041131"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.2.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.7.1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00623.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(02)00253-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.3.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1815"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7298.1327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2007.00515.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1536-4801.2000.tb07119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507791845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406289801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MazurakVC.Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces markers of inflammation in children with low DHA intakes. 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