{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:33:49Z","timestamp":1769571229699,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Nurs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Spirituality and spiritual needs of cancer patients are frequently mentioned in the nursing literature, but the most significant defining characteristics of spiritual distress in the context of clinical reasoning and nursing diagnosis are rarely explored. Understanding of these is important for effective spiritual intervention.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis \u201cspiritual distress,\u201d as classified according to NANDA International, among women with breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a quantitative and cross-sectional study, comprising the third phase of a larger study investigating the clinical validation of spiritual distress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Fehring\u2019s clinical diagnostic validation model was used to identify the prevalence and the major defining characteristics of the diagnosis. A convenience sample was used, and data were collected by structured interview.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 70 women participated; most were married (62.9%) and had a mean age of 54 years, and 55.7% reported having at least 1 person depending on them. The average length of time since the cancer diagnosis was 30.9 months. Twenty-seven participants were experiencing spiritual distress (38.6%). Eleven defining characteristics were classified as major.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The prevalence of spiritual distress and the major defining characteristics give clinical evidence about the nurse\u2019s role in providing spiritual care. The results are useful for the improved use of the NANDA International diagnoses within this domain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Implications for Practice:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The findings highlight the importance of assessing the defining characteristics of the diagnosis as an objective strategy to improve clinical reasoning related to spirituality and to facilitate more effective interventions.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/ncc.0000000000000310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,24]],"date-time":"2015-10-24T12:46:03Z","timestamp":1445690763000},"page":"321-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Nursing Diagnosis of \u201cSpiritual Distress\u201d in Women With Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Timmins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Em\u00edlia C.","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03285.x","article-title":"Spiritual care nursing: what cancer patients and family caregivers want","volume":"49","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"19\u201320","key":"bib2-20230920","first-page":"2923","article-title":"Hospice nurses\u2019 perspectives of spirituality","volume":"22","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216310375860","article-title":"The understanding of spirituality and the potential role of spiritual care in end-of-life and palliative care: a meta-study of qualitative research","volume":"24","year":"2010","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"bib6-20230920","first-page":"1757","article-title":"An online survey of nurses\u2019 perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care","volume":"20","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2014.05.008","article-title":"An exploration of the extent of inclusion of spirituality and spiritual care concepts in core nursing textbooks","volume":"35","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib8-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2004.10.3.12466","article-title":"Spiritual distress in a terminally ill patient with breast cancer","volume":"10","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Palliat Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib9-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NCC.0000305681.06143.70","article-title":"Symptom distress, spirituality, and quality of life in African American breast cancer survivors","volume":"31","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s11764-007-0024-z","article-title":"Predictors of spiritual distress among breast cancer survivors from different ethnic groups","volume":"1","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cancer Surviv"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692010000300003","article-title":"Clinical validation of impaired spirituality in patients with chronic renal disease","volume":"18","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1169.3073.2382","article-title":"Between spiritual wellbeing and spiritual distress: possible related factors in elderly patients with cancer","volume":"22","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"},{"key":"bib13-20230920","year":"2014","journal-title":"NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions and Classification 2015\u20132017"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib15-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909110385917","article-title":"The frequency and correlates of spiritual distress among patients with advanced cancer admitted to an acute palliative care unit","volume":"28","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1188\/13.ONF.120-131","article-title":"The relationship among coping strategies, religious coping, and spirituality in African American women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy","volume":"40","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"issue":"5","key":"bib17-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2013.03.012","article-title":"Shedding light on women\u2019s help seeking behaviour for self discovered breast symptoms","volume":"17","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2012.679738","article-title":"The effect of spiritual therapy for improving the quality of life of women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib19-20230920","first-page":"543","article-title":"Distress in women with breast cancer","volume":"32","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib20-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1188\/06.ONF.E1-E7","article-title":"Effects of spirituality in breast cancer survivors","volume":"33","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12099","article-title":"Spiritual care in nursing: a concept analysis","volume":"61","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib23-20230920","first-page":"191","article-title":"The current status of measures of spirituality: a critical review of scale development","volume":"2","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Relig Spirit"},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2004.03192.x","article-title":"Nursing competencies for spiritual care","volume":"48","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"20","key":"bib25-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02594.x","article-title":"The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care","volume":"18","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"12","key":"bib26-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2014.04.015","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 and midwives\u2019 acquisition of competency in spiritual care: a focus on education","volume":"34","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-200604000-00006","article-title":"Fundamental or fundational obligation? Problematizing the ethical call to spiritual care in nursing","volume":"29","year":"2006","journal-title":"ANS Adv Nurs Sci"},{"issue":"15\u201316","key":"bib29-20230920","first-page":"2099","article-title":"Ethical issues of incorporating spiritual care into clinical practice","volume":"21","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"bib30-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2006.01643.x","article-title":"Nursing competencies for spiritual care","volume":"15","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"bib31-20230920","first-page":"318","article-title":"Clinical role of the nurse: concept analysis","volume":"24","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"6 pt 1","key":"bib32-20230920","first-page":"625","article-title":"Methods to validate nursing diagnoses","volume":"16","year":"1987","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib34-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-3095.2013.01234.x","article-title":"Spiritual distress\u2014proposing a new definition and defining characteristics","volume":"24","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Knowl"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib35-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-618X.1997.tb00138.x","article-title":"Children\u2019s spiritual response: validation of the nursing diagnosis spiritual distress","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nurs Diagn"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000174","article-title":"Children\u2019s perspective on health-related quality of life during active treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an advanced content analysis approach","volume":"38","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib38-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(03)00045-X","article-title":"Domains of spiritual well-being and development and validation of the spiritual well-being questionnaire","volume":"35","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pers Individ Diff"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib39-20230920","first-page":"285","article-title":"Portuguese version of the spiritual well-being questionnaire (SWBQ): confirmatory factor analysis","volume":"10","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psicol Sa\u00fade Doen\u00e7as"},{"issue":"4","key":"bib40-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NCC.0000281730.17985.f5","article-title":"Spirituality among African American cancer survivors: having a personal relationship with God","volume":"30","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib41-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010109358766","article-title":"Self-transcendence, spiritual well-being, and spiritual practices of women with breast cancer","volume":"28","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Holist Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"bib42-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.12968\/ijpn.2005.11.10.19978","article-title":"The experience of suffering as lived by women with breast cancer","volume":"11","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Palliat Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43-20230920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692013000200010","article-title":"The use of religious\/spiritual coping among patients with cancer undergoin chemotherapy treatment","volume":"21","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Lat Am Enfermagem"}],"container-title":["Cancer Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002820-201607000-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T19:01:47Z","timestamp":1695236507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/00002820-201607000-00009"}},"subtitle":["Prevalence and Major Defining Characteristics"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ncc.0000000000000310","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-9804","0162-220X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-9804","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0162-220X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}