{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:23:55Z","timestamp":1771331035888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002924","name":"Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Raras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002924","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It has been hypothesized that central and peripheral refraction, in eyes treated with myopic overnight orthokeratology, might vary with changes in pupil diameter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the axial and peripheral refraction and optical quality after orthokeratology, using ray tracing software for different pupil sizes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zemax\u2010EE was used to generate a series of 29 semi\u2010customized model eyes based on the corneal topography changes from 29 patients who had undergone myopic orthokeratology. Wavefront refraction in the central 80 degrees of the visual field was calculated using three different quality metrics criteria: Paraxial curvature matching, minimum root mean square error (minRMS), and the Through Focus Visual Strehl of the Modulation Transfer Function (VSMTF), for 3\u2010 and 6\u2010mm pupil diameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three metrics predicted significantly different values for foveal and peripheral refractions. Compared with the Paraxial criteria, the other two metrics predicted more myopic refractions on\u2010 and off\u2010axis. Interestingly, the VSMTF predicts only a marginal myopic shift in the axial refraction as the pupil changes from 3 to 6\u00a0mm. For peripheral refraction, minRMS and VSMTF metric criteria predicted a higher exposure to peripheral defocus as the pupil increases from 3 to 6\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results suggest that the supposed effect of myopic control produced by ortho\u2010k treatments might be dependent on pupil size. Although the foveal refractive error does not seem to change appreciably with the increase in pupil diameter (VSMTF criteria), the high levels of positive spherical aberration will lead to a degradation of lower spatial frequencies, that is more significant under low illumination levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0000000000000989","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T06:47:06Z","timestamp":1474699626000},"page":"1399-1408","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Effect of Pupil Size on Wavefront Refraction during Orthokeratology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"Faria\u2010Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab) Centre of Physics, School of Sciences (Optometry) University of Minho Braga Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Arag\u00f3n Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas\u2014Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010M\u00e9ijome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical &amp; Experimental Optometry Research Lab (CEORLab) Centre of Physics, School of Sciences (Optometry) University of Minho Braga Portugal"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00520.x","article-title":"The relationship between the treatment zone diameter and visual, optical and subjective performance in Corneal Refractive Therapy lens wearers","volume":"27","author":"Lu F","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol 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