{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:33:16Z","timestamp":1774938796463,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["OVS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in accommodation and binocular vision parameters during a period of 3 years and to evaluate their potential influence on the refractive changes observed over the same period of time in a population of university students in Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3\u2010year longitudinal study was conducted comprising 118 young adults (34 males and 84 females; mean age: 20.6 \u00b1 2.3 years). Examinations consisted of subjective refraction, dissociated phoria and vergences at distance and near vision, accommodative convergence\/accommodative ratio, lag of accommodation, and the negative and positive relative accommodation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were statistically significant differences between the first (2002) and the second examination (2005) relative to distance and near phoria, and break and recovery points for the base\u2010in and base\u2010out at distance vision. Statistically significant differences were also obtained for the blur and break points for the base\u2010out, and for break and recovery points for the base\u2010in at near vision. As regards accommodation parameters, we verified a statistically significant difference for all parameters measured. Comparing the baseline values of patients who suffered a myopic shift \u22650.50 D with those from patients who did not experience such a shift, we observed a statistically significant difference for the break value of the base\u2010in at distance vision (equal to 12.2 \u00b1 3.6 for the group without refractive error alteration and 15.8 \u00b1 6.8 for the other group) and for the break value of the base\u2010in at near vision (equal to 22.4 \u00b1 5.2 and 24.8 \u00b1 5.5 for the group without refractive error alteration and for the other group, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed significant changes in near heterophoria, fusional vergences, and positive relative accommodation. The break values of the base\u2010in fusional vergence account as significant predictors of myopic shift in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181890d35","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,29]],"date-time":"2008-09-29T03:08:41Z","timestamp":1222657721000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Binocular Vision Changes in University Students: A 3\u2010Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics(Optometry) School of Sciences University of Minho Braga Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Borges","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics(Optometry) School of Sciences University of Minho Braga Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Parafita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery(Ophthalmology) School of Optics and Optometry University of Santiago de Compostela Spain"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00234.x","article-title":"Statistical normal values of visual parameters that characterize binocular function in children","volume":"24","author":"Jimenez R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199702000-00023","article-title":"Prevalence of general binocular dysfunctions in a population of university students","volume":"74","author":"Porcar E","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2003.00145.x","article-title":"A longitudinal study of vergence adaptation in incipient presbyopia","volume":"23","author":"Baker FJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937281","article-title":"Normal heterophoric changes: 20 years\u2019 follow\u2010up","volume":"235","author":"Spierer A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1998.760612.x","article-title":"Refractive errors among young adults and university students in Norway","volume":"76","author":"Kinge B","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000159358.71125.95","article-title":"Ametropia and ocular biometry in a U.K. university student population","volume":"82","author":"Logan NS","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210101100101","article-title":"Myopia and level of education","volume":"11","author":"Al\u2010Bdour MD","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078005501.x","article-title":"Myopia profile in Copenhagen medical students 1996\u201398. Refractive stability over a century is suggested","volume":"78","author":"Fledelius HC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200104000-00012","article-title":"Does education explain ethnic differences in myopia prevalence? A population\u2010based study of young adult males in Singapore","volume":"78","author":"Wu HM","year":"2001","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00414.x","article-title":"Near vision, lags of accommodation and myopia","volume":"19","author":"Charman WN","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01204595","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory investigations of the relationship of accommodation and convergence function with refractive error. A literature review","volume":"86","author":"Goss DA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Doc Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199905000-00016","article-title":"Relationship of accommodative response and nearpoint phoria in a sample of myopic children","volume":"76","author":"Goss DA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-004-0175-7","article-title":"Accommodative lag under habitual seeing conditions: comparison between myopic and emmetropic children","volume":"49","author":"Nakatsuka C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(03)00013-3","article-title":"Accommodative lag under habitual seeing conditions: comparison between adult myopes and emmetropes","volume":"47","author":"Nakatsuka C","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"690","article-title":"Myopic children show insufficient accommodative response to blur","volume":"34","author":"Gwiazda J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0888","article-title":"Accommodative lag before and after the onset of myopia","volume":"47","author":"Mutti DO","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00277.x","article-title":"The influence of cycloplegia in objective refraction","volume":"25","author":"Jorge J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Retinoscopy\/autorefraction: which is the best starting point for a noncycloplegic refraction?","volume":"82","author":"Jorge J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2007.00475.x","article-title":"Refractive, biometric and topographic changes among Portuguese university science students: a 3\u2010year longitudinal study","volume":"27","author":"Jorge J","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199504000-00001","article-title":"Vergence adaptation and the order of clinical vergence range testing","volume":"72","author":"Rosenfield M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0166-5","article-title":"Normal values of distance heterophoria and fusional vergence ranges and effects of age","volume":"244","author":"Palomo Alvarez C","year":"2006","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000214316.50270.24","article-title":"Comparison of subjective heterophoria testing with a phoropter and trial frame","volume":"83","author":"Casillas EC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2006.02.006","article-title":"Effect of heterophoria measurement technique on the clinical accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio","volume":"77","author":"Escalante JB","year":"2006","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2004.00831.x","article-title":"Myopia: precedents for research in the twenty\u2010first century","volume":"32","author":"Gilmartin B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199606000-00004","article-title":"Validity of surveys reporting myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia","volume":"73","author":"Walline JJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(03)00086-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of refractive errors and presbyopia","volume":"48","author":"Weale RA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017924","article-title":"Epidemiology of myopia","volume":"18","author":"Saw SM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00455-9","article-title":"Refractive error study in children: sampling and measurement methods for a multi\u2010country survey","volume":"129","author":"Negrel AD","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199808000-00028","article-title":"The repeatability of automated and clinician refraction","volume":"75","author":"Bullimore MA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200111000-00014","article-title":"Clinical measurement, artifact, and data analysis in dioptric power space","volume":"78","author":"Harris WF","year":"2001","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199706000-00019","article-title":"Power vectors: an application of Fourier analysis to the description and statistical analysis of refractive error","volume":"74","author":"Thibos LN","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1999.770311.x","article-title":"Refractive changes among Norwegian university students\u2014a three\u2010year longitudinal study","volume":"77","author":"Kinge B","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078001026.x","article-title":"The influence of near\u2010work on development of myopia among university students. A three\u2010year longitudinal study among engineering students in Norway","volume":"78","author":"Kinge B","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199607000-00007","article-title":"Changes in ocular refraction and its components among medical students\u2014a 5\u2010year longitudinal study","volume":"73","author":"Lin LL","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199102000-00005","article-title":"Clinical accommodation and heterophoria findings preceding juvenile onset of myopia","volume":"68","author":"Goss DA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199604000-00009","article-title":"Clinical findings before the onset of myopia in youth: 3. Heterophoria","volume":"73","author":"Goss DA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Relation of nearpoint esophoria to the onset and progression of myopia in children","volume":"30","author":"Goss DA","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Optom Vis Develop"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1998.tb06733.x","article-title":"Reliability of the response AC\/A ratio determined using nearpoint autorefraction and simultaneous heterophoria measurement","volume":"81","author":"Rainey BB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2000.tb04895.x","article-title":"Near esophoria is associated with high myopia","volume":"83","author":"Chung KM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1076\/0927-3972(200006)821-2FT127","article-title":"Heterophoria and fixation disparity: a review","volume":"8","author":"Kommerell G","year":"2000","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970590901810","article-title":"Maximum angle of ocular duction during visual fixation as a function of age","volume":"13","author":"Shechtman D","year":"2005","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00448.x","article-title":"The influence of heterophoria measurements on subsequent associated phoria measurement in a refractive routine","volume":"19","author":"Brautaset RL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00437.x","article-title":"Response AC\/A ratios are elevated in myopic children","volume":"19","author":"Gwiazda J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000159363.07082.7D","article-title":"Accommodation, accommodative convergence, and response AC\/A ratios before and at the onset of myopia in children","volume":"82","author":"Gwiazda J","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","first-page":"2469","article-title":"AC\/A ratio, age, and refractive error in children","volume":"41","author":"Mutti DO","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2003.tb03128.x","article-title":"AC\/A ratios in myopic and emmetropic Hong Kong children and the effect of timolol","volume":"86","author":"Chen JC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2000.00494.x","article-title":"Vergence adaptation and the clinical AC\/A ratio","volume":"20","author":"Rosenfield M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199103000-00011","article-title":"Convergence accommodation: laboratory and clinical evaluation","volume":"68","author":"Wick B","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1997.97000410.x","article-title":"Effect of prolonged dissociation on the subjective measurement of near heterophoria","volume":"17","author":"Rosenfield M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199705000-00027","article-title":"Tonic vergence and vergence adaptation","volume":"74","author":"Rosenfield M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00409.x","article-title":"The influence of interactions between accommodation and convergence on the lag of accommodation","volume":"19","author":"Schor C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.05.007","article-title":"Accommodation functions: co\u2010dependency and relationship to refractive error","volume":"46","author":"Allen PM","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00026.x","article-title":"MEM and Nott dynamic retinoscopy in patients with disorders of vergence and accommodation","volume":"22","author":"Garcia A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00412.x","article-title":"Adaptation model of nearwork\u2010induced transient myopia","volume":"19","author":"Hung GK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1076\/ceyr.19.1.41.5343","article-title":"Model of human refractive error development","volume":"19","author":"Hung GK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1076\/0271-3683(200004)2041-5FT293","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of the effect of near lens addition on accommodation and myopigenesis","volume":"20","author":"Hung GK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Eye Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1996.95001107.x","article-title":"Proximal contribution to a linear static model of accommodation and vergence","volume":"16","author":"Hung GK","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","first-page":"791","article-title":"Differential retinal\u2010defocus magnitude during eye growth provides the appropriate direction signal","volume":"6","author":"Hung GK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1006\/bulm.2000.0199","article-title":"A unifying theory of refractive error development","volume":"62","author":"Hung GK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1076\/stra.9.3.165.6764","article-title":"Associated phoria and the measuring and correcting methodology after H.\u2010J Haase (MKH)","volume":"9","author":"Brautaset RL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199810000-00016","article-title":"Inter\u2010examiner repeatability of heterophoria tests","volume":"75","author":"Rainey BB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1997.tb00617.x","article-title":"Nonsurgical and surgical methods of sclera reinforcement in progressive myopia","volume":"75","author":"Avetisov ES","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_2","first-page":"117","article-title":"Reliability of rotary prism fusional vergence ranges","volume":"72","author":"Penisten DK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1998.00375.x","article-title":"Reliability of and comparisons among three variations of the alternating cover test","volume":"18","author":"Rainey BB","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00202.x","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the revised convergence insufficiency symptom survey in adults","volume":"24","author":"Rouse MW","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200204000-00012","article-title":"Reliability of binocular vision measurements used in the classification of convergence insufficiency","volume":"79","author":"Rouse MW","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199606000-00006","article-title":"Reliability of and comparisons among methods of measuring dissociated phoria","volume":"73","author":"Schroeder TL","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2000.00498.x","article-title":"Near visual function in young children. Part I. Near point of convergence. Part II. Amplitude of accommodation. Part III. Near heterophoria","volume":"20","author":"Chen AH","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_2","volume-title":"Optometric Management of Nearpoint Vision Disorders","author":"Birnbaum MH","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200212000-00010","article-title":"Evaluating relative accommodations in general binocular dysfunctions","volume":"79","author":"Garcia A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199604000-00008","article-title":"Clinical findings before the onset of myopia in youth: 2. Zone of clear single binocular vision","volume":"73","author":"Goss DA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00205.x","article-title":"Aniso\u2010accommodation as a possible factor in myopia development","volume":"24","author":"Charman WN","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02864-6","article-title":"Nearwork and myopia","volume":"356","author":"Goss DA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Optometry and Vision Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181890d35","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181890d35","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181890d35","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T05:05:44Z","timestamp":1774933544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181890d35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181890d35"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/opx.0b013e3181890d35","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-5488","1538-9235"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-5488","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-9235","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}