{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T07:05:31Z","timestamp":1773817531487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Funds, namely the Recovery and Resilience Plan\u2014\u201cComponente 5: Agendas Mobilizadoras para a Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Empresarial\u201d, included in the NextGenerationEU funding program.","award":["62\u2014\u201cResponsible AI\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62\u2014\u201cResponsible AI\u201d"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["PR9"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Despite compelling evidence identifying psychological predictive factors in in-person rehabilitation, their validity in remote digital care settings remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To assess whether fear-avoidance beliefs, depression, and anxiety predict pain outcomes after a digital care program (DCP) for chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This ad hoc analysis of a decentralized interventional investigation included patients with CMP who underwent a DCP integrating exercise, education, and behavioral change. Pain outcomes were assessed using 4 measures: last pain score, relative pain change, achievement of postintervention mild pain, and pain response (\u226530% change or last pain score \u22643). Predictors included baseline scores of Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire related to Physical Activity, Patient Health 9-item Questionnaire, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. Structural equation models evaluated their predictive value on pain outcomes, with or without including potential demographic and clinical confounders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fear-avoidance beliefs and depression symptoms were consistent predictors across all pain outcomes after confounders adjustment. Worse outcomes were associated with higher baseline fear-avoidance beliefs (eg, last pain score: \u03b2 = 0.15, SE 0.04, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001; pain response: odds ratio [OR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78; 0.96, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and depression levels (eg, last pain score: \u03b2 = 0.14, SE 0.05, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007; pain response: OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74; 0.98, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). Anxiety did not significantly affect any pain outcome. Sensitivity analyses showed stronger predictive performance when psychological factors were combined with clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fear-avoidance beliefs and depression consistently predicted pain outcomes, reinforcing their critical role in digital rehabilitation for CMP. Multimodal, tailored approaches targeting these factors may optimize recovery in remote care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/pr9.0000000000001319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:00:14Z","timestamp":1755874814000},"page":"e1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Are depression, anxiety, and fear-avoidance predictors of outcomes after digital care for chronic musculoskeletal pain?"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dora","family":"Janela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sword Health, Inc, Draper, UT, USA"},{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3050-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1807-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabela C.","family":"Areias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sword Health, Inc, Draper, UT, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fab\u00edola","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sword Health, Inc, Draper, UT, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9002-8976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250822","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050312118757387","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312118757387","article-title":"Psychosocial factors associated with change in pain and disability outcomes in chronic low back pain patients treated by physiotherapist: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Alhowimel","year":"2018","journal-title":"SAGE Open 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