{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T18:40:07Z","timestamp":1749408007282,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To characterize the genetic diversity and drug resistance profiles of people with HIV-1 failing ART in Cape Verde (CV).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2019 and December 2021 in 24 health centres on the islands of Santiago and S\u00e3o Vicente.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The HIV-1 <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pol<\/jats:italic> gene was sequenced in individuals with a detectable viral load. HIV-1 genetic diversity was determined by phylogenetic analysis. Drug resistance mutation patterns and resistance phenotypes were estimated using the Stanford algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Viral load was detected in 73 of 252 (29%) enrolled participants and sequencing data were produced for 58 (79%) participants. CRF02 AG strains predominated (46.5%), followed by subtype G (22.4%). Most patients (80%) had mutations conferring resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (67%), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (55%), integrase inhibitors (10%) and\/or protease inhibitors (7%) used in Cape Verde, a significant increase compared with a study conducted in 2010\u20132011. The most common mutations were M184V\/I (43%), K103N\/S (36%) and G190A\/S (19%). NNRTI resistance was associated with younger age and exposure to two or more drug regimens.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The HIV-1 epidemic in Cape Verde is mainly driven by CRF02_AG and subtype G. Resistance to NNRTIs and\/or NRTIs is highly prevalent and resistance to LPV\/r and DTG is emerging. Our results support the use of DTG-based first-line ART and protease inhibitor-based regimens for patients with virological failure, but emerging resistance to LPV\/r and DTG is a concern. Continued monitoring of drug resistance is essential to ensure adequate healthcare for PWH in Cape Verde.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000003866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T15:00:28Z","timestamp":1707836428000},"page":"1101-1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["HIV-1 drug resistance and genetic diversity in people with HIV-1 in Cape Verde"],"prefix":"10.1097","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Paloma","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Medicamento (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade"}]},{"given":"Menilita","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto 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