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Using the xylophagous flagellate-free termites<jats:italic>Nasutitermes takasagoensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Nasutitermes walkeri<\/jats:italic>, we successfully solubilized cellulases present in the hindgut pellets. Zymograms showed that the hindguts of these termites possessed several cellulases and contained up to 59% cellulase activity against crystalline cellulose when compared with the midgut. Antibiotic treatment administered to<jats:italic>N. takasagoensis<\/jats:italic>significantly reduced cellulase activity in the hindgut, suggesting that these cellulases were produced by symbiotic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,26]],"date-time":"2007-03-26T13:41:07Z","timestamp":1174916467000},"page":"336-339","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Hidden cellulases in termites: revision of an old hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Gaku","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of the RyukyusNishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan"},{"name":"National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Nourishment and evolution in insect societies","author":"Bignell D.E","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.39.010194.002321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brune A. & Stingl U. 2005 Prokaryotic symbionts of termite gut flagellates: phylogenetic and metabolic implications of a tripartite symbiosis. 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