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A dominant hypothesis proposes that acquired immunity develops with the cumulative exposure to infection, and consequently predicts a negative relationship between peak intensity of infection and host age at this peak. Although previous studies have found evidence to support this hypothesis through between-population comparisons, these results are confounded by spatial effects. In this study, we examined the dynamics of infection of the nematode<jats:italic>Trichostrongylus retortaeformis<\/jats:italic>within a natural population of rabbits sampled monthly for 26 years. The rabbit age structure was reconstructed using body mass as a proxy for age, and the host age\u2013parasite intensity relationship was examined for each rabbit cohort born from February to August. The age\u2013intensity curves exhibited a typical concave shape, and a significant negative relationship was found between peak intensity of infection and host age at this peak. Adult females showed a distinct periparturient rise in<jats:italic>T. retortaeformis<\/jats:italic>infection, with higher intensities in breeding adult females than adult males and non-breeding females. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of an acquired immune response of the host to a parasite infection, supporting the principle that acquired immunity can be modelled using the cumulative exposure to infection. These findings also show that seasonality can be an important driver of host\u2013parasite interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.3050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T18:41:25Z","timestamp":1117824085000},"page":"1163-1169","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Peak shift and epidemiology in a seasonal host\u2013nematode system"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"I.M","family":"Cattadori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsUniversity Park, PA 16802, USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Boag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK"},{"name":"Birch BraeKnapp, Perth and Kinross PH14 9SW, UK"}]},{"given":"O.N","family":"Bj\u00f8rnstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsUniversity Park, PA 16802, USA"},{"name":"Department of Entomology, Penn State UniversityUniversity Park, PA 16802, USA"}]},{"given":"S.J","family":"Cornell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK"}]},{"given":"P.J","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsUniversity Park, PA 16802, USA"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson R.C Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission. 2000 Oxford\/Wallingford:Oxford University Press\/CABI Publishing.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994215.0000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/315493a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00270-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","unstructured":"Cowan D. 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