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We demonstrate a significant positive relationship between absolute latitude and human orbital volume, an index of eyeball size. Owing to tight scaling between visual system components, this will translate into enlarged visual cortices at higher latitudes. We also show that visual acuity measured under full-daylight conditions is constant across latitudes, indicating that selection for larger visual systems has mitigated the effect of reduced ambient light levels. This provides, to our knowledge, the first support that light levels drive intraspecific variation in visual system size in the human population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T09:15:56Z","timestamp":1311758156000},"page":"90-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Latitudinal variation in light levels drives human visual system size"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Eiluned","family":"Pearce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Dunbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, 64 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PN, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01073.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1941"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1996.0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1995.0076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2007.01330.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089694"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20115"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2006.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2435.2000.00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation","author":"Walls G. 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