{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T19:45:06Z","timestamp":1779219906053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]],"date-time":"2013-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Painful events shape future behaviour in two ways: stimuli associated with pain onset subsequently support learned avoidance (i.e. punishment-learning) because they signal future, upcoming pain. Stimuli associated with pain offset in turn signal relief and later on support learned approach (i.e. relief-learning). The relative strengths of such punishment- and relief-learning can be crucial for the adaptive organization of behaviour in the aftermath of painful events. Using\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n            , we compare punishment- and relief-memories in terms of their temporal decay and sensitivity to retrograde amnesia. During the first 75 min following training, relief-memory is stable, whereas punishment-memory decays to half of the initial score. By 24 h after training, however, relief-memory is lost, whereas a third of punishment-memory scores still remain. In accordance with such rapid temporal decay from 75 min on, retrograde amnesia erases relief-memory but leaves a half of punishment-memory scores intact. These findings suggest differential mechanistic bases for punishment- and relief-memory, thus offering possibilities for separately interfering with either of them.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2012.1171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T09:18:19Z","timestamp":1368004699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Memory decay and susceptibility to amnesia dissociate punishment- from relief-learning"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Diegelmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics of Learning and Memory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Preuschoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics of Learning and Memory, Leibniz Institute 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Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany"},{"name":"Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, 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