{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:30:38Z","timestamp":1789432238695,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Danish Research Agency","award":["FNU; #642-00-0229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FNU; #642-00-0229"]}]},{"name":"XSEDE grant","award":["TG-DEB140025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TG-DEB140025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Convergent evolution of small body size occurs across many vertebrate clades and may reflect an evolutionary response to shared selective pressures. However it remains unclear if other aspects of phenotype undergo convergent evolution in miniaturized lineages. Here we present a comparative analysis of body size and shape evolution in marine angelfishes (Pomacanthidae), a reef fish family characterized by repeated transitions to small body size. We ask if lineages that evolve small sizes show convergent evolution in body shape. Our results reveal that angelfish lineages evolved three different stable size optima with one corresponding to the group of pygmy angelfishes (\n            <jats:italic>Centropyge<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Then, we test if the observed shifts in body size are associated with changes to new adaptive peaks in shape. Our data suggest that independent evolution to small size optima have induced repeated convergence upon deeper body and steeper head profile in\n            <jats:italic>Centropyge<\/jats:italic>\n            . These traits may favour manoeuvrability and visual awareness in these cryptic species living among corals, illustrating that functional demands on small size may be related to habitat specialization and predator avoidance. The absence of shape convergence in large marine angelfishes also suggests that more severe requirements exist for small than for large size optima.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2017.0154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T09:10:17Z","timestamp":1497431417000},"page":"20170154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Body shape convergence driven by small size optimum in marine angelfishes"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-0243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associazione Italiana per lo Studio della Biodiversit\u00e0, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolai","family":"Konow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, UMass, Lowell, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Schnitzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, TiHo Hannover, B\u00fcsum, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lecchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USR 3278, PSL, Labex \u2018Corail\u2019, CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Alfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2008.01517.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.2010.00137.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.24.110193.002441"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1252243"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128374"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01372.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","unstructured":"Eschmeyer WN Fricke R van der Laan R. 2016 Catalog of fishes . 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J. Zool."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","volume-title":"The tempo and mode in evolution","author":"Simpson GG","year":"1944"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.3046"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/675810"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","unstructured":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rich B Santini F Konow N Schnitzler J Lecchini D Alfaro ME. 2017 Data from: Body shape convergence driven by small size optimum in marine angelfishes. Dryad Digital Repository . 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