{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:15:37Z","timestamp":1790309737721,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alberta Milk","award":["F15-01385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F15-01385"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010710","name":"Dairy Farmers of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F15-00528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F15-00528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Intervet Canada Corporation, Zoetis, Novus International Inc., CanWest DHI, Valacta","award":["F14-02819"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F14-02819"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F13-06302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F13-06302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Westgen Endowment Fund","award":["F15-00314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F15-00314"]}]},{"name":"BC Cattle Industry Development Fund","award":["F09-02127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F09-02127"]}]},{"name":"British Columbia Dairy Association","award":["F15-01538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F15-01538"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In natural environments, cattle use trees and other abrasive surfaces to scratch and groom themselves. Modern indoor dairy cattle housing systems often lack appropriate grooming substrates, restricting the animals' ability to groom. We assessed the motivation of dairy cows to access an automated mechanical brush, a grooming resource that can be implemented in indoor cattle housing systems. Cows were trained to push a weighted gate to access either fresh feed (positive control), a mechanical brush or the same space without a brush (negative control). Weight on the gate was gradually increased until all cows failed to open it. The weight each cow was willing to push to access each resource was assessed using the Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis. Despite differences in methodology used to obtain data on motivation to access feed and the brush, the outcomes were very similar; cows worked as hard for access to fresh feed and the brush (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.94) and less hard for access to the empty space (compared with fresh feed:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01; brush:\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.02). These results indicate that cows are highly motivated to access a mechanical brush and that it is an important resource for cows.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]],"date-time":"2018-08-08T03:24:41Z","timestamp":1533698681000},"page":"20180303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Cows are highly motivated to access a grooming substrate"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"McConnachie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Marieke C.","family":"Smid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Weary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek A.","family":"Gaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Management and Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1427-3152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina A. G.","family":"von Keyserlingk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Welfare Program, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Z6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.3.825"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1988.tb08294.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9875"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","unstructured":"Jensen SM (ed.). 2013 World class cattle production . 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