{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:58:34Z","timestamp":1785783514328,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DiCaprio Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008920","name":"Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Queensland Government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Advance Queensland Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Advance Queensland Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008920","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DECRA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DECRA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Mangroves are considered ideal ecosystems for Blue Carbon projects. However, because of their short stature, some mangroves (\u2018scrub\u2019 mangroves, less than 2 m) do not fulfil the current definition of \u2018forests\u2019, which makes them ineligible for emission reduction programmes such as REDD+. Short stature mangroves can be the dominant form of mangroves in arid and nutrient-poor landscapes, and emissions from their deforestation and degradation could be substantial. Here, we describe a Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico, to illustrate that projects that avoid emissions from deforestation and degradation could provide financial resources to protect mangroves that cannot be included in other emission reduction programmes. The goal of the project is to protect 16 058 ha of mangroves through conservation concessions from the Mexican Federal Government. The cumulative avoided emissions of the project are 2.84 million Mg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    over 100 years, valued at $US 426 000 per year (US$15 per Mg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the California market). The funds could be used for community-based projects that will improve mangrove management, such as surveillance, eradication of invasive species, rehabilitation after tropical storms and environmental education. The strong institutional support, secure financial status, community engagement and clear project boundaries provide favourable conditions to implement this Blue Carbon project. Financial resources from Blue Carbon projects, even in mangroves of short stature, can provide substantial resources to enhance community resilience and mangrove protection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T03:21:15Z","timestamp":1545189675000},"page":"20180400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Avoided emissions and conservation of scrub mangroves: potential for a Blue Carbon project in the Gulf of California, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-9252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. F.","family":"Adame","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Najera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildcoast-Costasalvaje, Ensenada, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-6855","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C. E.","family":"Lovelock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/10-1510.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-263X.2009.00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056569"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquabot.2004.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","unstructured":"Adame MF Brown CJ Bejarano M Herrera-Silveira JA Ezcurra P Kauffman JB Birdsey R. 2018 The undervalued contribution of mangrove protection in Mexico to carbon emission targets. Conserv. Lett. 11 e12445. (doi:10.1111\/conl.12445)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-014-0530-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2013.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2015.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","unstructured":"GOFC-GOLD. 2015 A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests and forestation. Report version COP21 1-266. Wageningen The Netherlands: GOFC-GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and Land Dynamics) Land Cover Project Office Wageningen University. See http:\/\/www.gofcgold.wur.nl\/redd\/sourcebook\/GOFC-GOLD_Sourcebook.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2004.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","unstructured":"CONAGUA-SMN. See http:\/\/smn.cna.gob.mx\/es\/ (accessed 20 March 2018). Mexico City: Comision Nacional del Agua-Servicio Meteorologico Nacional. [In Spanish.]"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","unstructured":"Valderrama-Landeros LH Rodr\u00edguez-Zu\u00f1iga MT Troche-Souza C Vel\u00e1zquez-Salazar S Villeda-Ch\u00e1vez E Alc\u00e1ntara-Maya JA V\u00e1zquez-Balderas B Cruz-L\u00f3pez MI Ressl R. 2017 [ Mangroves of Mexico. Update and analysis of mangrove monitoring data 1970\/1980\u20132015 ]. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Comisi\u00f3n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad. [In Spanish.]"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-003-0874-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2010.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2011.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2018.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","unstructured":"Poder Ejecutivo Federal. 2004 General Law of National Assets article no. 61. See http:\/\/www.diputados.gob.mx\/LeyesBiblio\/pdf\/267_190118.pdf. [In Spanish.]"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519774113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/13-0640.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021279"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/978-1-4648-1292-7","volume-title":"State and trends of carbon pricing (May 2018)","author":"World Bank and Ecofys","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo779"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/er.28.3.333"}],"container-title":["Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T16:24:09Z","timestamp":1775319849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0400","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9561","1744-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9561","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}