{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:37:18Z","timestamp":1775273838528,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["304682\/2014-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304682\/2014-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["15H04409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H04409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            The cave-dwelling psocid tribe Sensitibillini (\n            <jats:italic>Afrotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Neotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Sensitibilla<\/jats:italic>\n            ) is of special morphological and evolutionary interest because of its possession of reversed copulatory organs: i.e. females of\n            <jats:italic>Afrotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Neotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            have a penis-like organ. The female penis structure is highly variable among taxa, as is the case of the male penis in animals with normal copulatory organs. Here, we present the first molecular phylogeny of Sensitibillini and analyse the evolutionary pattern of their genitalia.\n            <jats:italic>Afrotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Neotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            did not form a monophyletic clade, and their female penis structures are significantly different, suggesting two independent origins of the female penis within Sensitibillini. In\n            <jats:italic>Neotrogla<\/jats:italic>\n            , the species that has a simple female penis is embedded among species that have an elaborate penis, and detailed structures of the female penis elaborations are in exact agreement among species, suggesting a secondary simplification of the female penis. A correlated evolutionary pattern between male and female genitalia was also detected. This coevolution of genitalia may suggest that sexual conflict or cryptic \u2018male\u2019 choice drove the diversity of the female penis, as is the case of male penile diversity in animals with conventional genitalia.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T08:16:13Z","timestamp":1542788173000},"page":"20180533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Independent origins of female penis and its coevolution with male vagina in cave insects (Psocodea: Prionoglarididae)"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6170-4296","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazunori","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo L.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, CEP 37200-000 Lavras (MG), Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systematic Entomology, School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Lienhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva Natural History Museum, CP 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Kamimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017749"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400850600"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01406.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701170104"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2010.01991.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17894-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.80152"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.80399"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.117780"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.part.117600"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"A new species of Neotrogla from Brazilian caves (Psocodea: \u2018Psocoptera': Prionoglarididae)","volume":"120","author":"Lienhard C","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. suisse Zool."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Review of Brazilian cave psocids of the families Psyllipsocidae and Prionoglarididae (Psocodea: \u2018Psocoptera': Trogiomorpha) with a key to the South American species of these families","volume":"122","author":"Lienhard C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. suisse Zool."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of animal cognition and behavior","author":"Kamimura Y","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-012-1361-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000522"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","first-page":"123","volume-title":"Sexual selection and reproductive competition in insects","author":"Parker GA","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1382"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00059.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1420-9101.2002.00390.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","unstructured":"Yoshizawa K Ferreira RL Yao I Lienhard C Kamimura Y. 2018 Datasets for the molecular phylogeny and genital evolution of Prionoglarididae (Insecta: Psocodea). 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