{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:06:57Z","timestamp":1777612017280,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1093016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1093016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NE\/J022993\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/J022993\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The rise of dark (melanic) forms of many species of moth in heavily coal-polluted areas of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain, and their post-1970s fall, point to a common selective pressure (camouflage against bird predators) acting at the community level. The extent to which this convergent phenotypic response relied on similar genetic and developmental mechanisms is unknown. We examine this problem by testing the hypothesis that the locus controlling melanism in<jats:italic>Phigalia pilosaria<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Odontopera bidentata<\/jats:italic>, two species of geometrid moth that showed strong associations between melanism and coal pollution, is the same as that controlling melanism in<jats:italic>Biston betularia<\/jats:italic>, previously identified as the gene<jats:italic>cortex<\/jats:italic>. Comparative linkage mapping using family material supports the hypothesis for both species, indicating a deeply conserved developmental mechanism for melanism involving<jats:italic>cortex<\/jats:italic>. However, in contrast to the strong selective sweep signature seen in British<jats:italic>B. betularia<\/jats:italic>, no significant association was detected between<jats:italic>cortex<\/jats:italic>-region markers and melanic morphs in wild-caught samples of<jats:italic>P. pilosaria<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>O. bidentata<\/jats:italic>, implying much older, or diverse, origins of melanic morph alleles in these latter species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T07:06:53Z","timestamp":1571209613000},"page":"20190582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Genetic convergence of industrial melanism in three geometrid moths"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8813-4227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arjen E.","family":"van't Hof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"},{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7152-3170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise A.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence M.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, The Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-2347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ilik J.","family":"Saccheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091851"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3483"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","first-page":"1235","article-title":"The loci of repeated evolution: a catalog of genetic hotspots of phenotypic variation","volume":"67","author":"Martin A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000128"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2013.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198549833.001.0001","volume-title":"Melanism: evolution in action","author":"Majerus MEN","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17951"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17961"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/378925"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2012.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","volume-title":"The evolution of melanism","author":"Kettlewell HBD","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1978.0006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1978.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1970.45"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1983.59"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0432-7_8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1974.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8312.2002.00035.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","unstructured":"Scott B Smith V. 2014 Collection specimens. See http:\/\/data.nhm.ac.uk"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803785105"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-3642.1976.tb00999.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2271155a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1980.0133"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.1136"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Genetic consequences of man made change","author":"Lees DR","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esi082"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2008.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","first-page":"862","article-title":"Records of industrial melanism in British moths","volume":"125","author":"Cook LM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Notes on breeding Odontopera bidentata","volume":"27","author":"Bowater W","year":"1915","journal-title":"Ent. Rec. J. Var."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2012.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1203043"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111316"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-8286.2007.01931.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Additions to our knowledge of chromosome numbers in the Lepidoptera","volume":"9","author":"Regnart HC","year":"1933","journal-title":"Proc. Univ. Durham Phil. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2010.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Current topics in developmental biology","author":"Massey JH","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.092"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_40_2","first-page":"150","article-title":"Amphydasis betularia","volume":"2","author":"Edleston RS","year":"1864","journal-title":"Entomologist"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.1977.42"}],"container-title":["Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T02:26:30Z","timestamp":1721874390000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2019.0582","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9561","1744-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9561","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}