{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:39:41Z","timestamp":1790703581525,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department for the Economy, Northern Ireland"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Microplastics (plastics &lt; 5 mm) are a potential threat to marine biodiversity. However, the effects of microplastic pollution on animal behaviour and cognition are poorly understood. We used shell selection in common European hermit crabs (\n                    <jats:italic>Pagurus bernhardus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as a model to test whether microplastic exposure impacts the essential survival behaviours of contacting, investigating and entering an optimal shell. We kept 64 female hermit crabs in tanks containing either polyethylene spheres (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 35) or no plastic (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 29) for 5 days. We then transferred subjects into suboptimal shells and placed them in an observation tank with an optimal alternative shell. Plastic-exposed hermit crabs showed impaired shell selection: they were less likely than controls to contact optimal shells or enter them. They also took longer to contact and enter the optimal shell. Plastic exposure did not affect time spent investigating the optimal shell. These results indicate that microplastics impair cognition (information-gathering and processing), disrupting an essential survival behaviour in hermit crabs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2020.0030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T19:05:24Z","timestamp":1588100724000},"page":"20200030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Microplastics disrupt hermit crab shell selection"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4485-5740","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrew","family":"Crump","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Mullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0371-8873","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emily J.","family":"Bethell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre in Brain and Behaviour, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eoghan M.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Arnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094559"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0205"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-018-4002-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40726-019-00114-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1999-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","unstructured":"Lassen C Hansen SF Magnusson K Nor\u00e9n F Hartmann NIB Jensen PR Nielsen TG Brinch A. 2015 Microplastics: occurrence effects and sources of releases to the environment in Denmark. 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