{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:51:06Z","timestamp":1783648266236,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001337","name":"Claude Leon Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001337","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000308","name":"Carnegie Corporation of New York","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000308","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Most primates, including humans, give birth during the inactive phase of the daily cycle. Practical constraints therefore limit our knowledge of the precise timing of nocturnal birth in wild diurnal primates and so limit our understanding of selective pressures and consequences. We measured maternal core body temperature (\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ) across 24 births in a population of wild vervet monkeys using biologgers. We identified distinct perturbations in\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            during the birth period, including declining\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            during labour and the rapid recovery of\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            post-parturition. Vervet monkeys typically gave birth during their inactive phase in synchrony with the nadir of the maternal nychthemeral\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            rhythm but also showed remarkable inter-individual variability in their absolute\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            during birth. Our findings support the view that selection may have favoured a nocturnal timing of primate birth to coincide with lower night-time\n            <jats:italic>\n              T\n              <jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            and environmental temperatures, which improve thermal efficiency during birth.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T08:07:02Z","timestamp":1643184422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The thermal consequences of primate birth hour and its evolutionary implications"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8245-9269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"McFarland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"},{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6175-1674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. Peter","family":"Henzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada T1 K 3M4"},{"name":"Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, FL 1710, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6370-8151","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn S.","family":"Hetem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"},{"name":"School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8919-2093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NTU Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK"},{"name":"Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit, University of South Africa, FL 1710, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1841-2997","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Louise","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada T1 K 3M4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000155472"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","first-page":"245","volume-title":"Comparative primate biology. Behavior, conservation and ecology","author":"Shively G","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shively G. 1986 Mitchell, perinatal behavior of anthropoid Primates. In Comparative primate biology. Behavior, conservation and ecology, vol. 2A (eds G Mitchell, J Erwin), pp. 245-294. New York, NY: Alan R. Liss Inc."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00616"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000161936"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02629642"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2008.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-009-9376-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23141"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350040108"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(92)90102-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00360-011-0593-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2019.1592352"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod44.6.967"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00085"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200604"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12583"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0050153"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000221166"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","first-page":"467","volume-title":"Fever: basic mechanisms and management","author":"Kozak W","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kozak W. 1997 Regulated decreases in body temperature. In Fever: basic mechanisms and management (ed. PA Mackowiak), pp. 467-478. Philadelphia, PS: Lippincott-Raven."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0845"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(94)90038-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00058-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000155936"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199705)103:1<19::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1379758"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22518"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511542343.011","volume-title":"Seasonality in primates: studies of living and extinct human and non-human primates","author":"Brockman K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brockman K, van Schaik CP. 2005 Seasonality and reproductive function. In Seasonality in primates: studies of living and extinct human and non-human primates, vol. 44 (eds DK Brockman, CP van Schaik), pp. 269-305. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23962"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.12329"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107881118"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2018","unstructured":"R Core Team. 2018 R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_34_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Evolutionary environments of human birth and infancy: insights to apply to contemporary life","volume":"11","author":"Trevathan WR","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trevathan WR, McKenna JJ. 1994 Evolutionary environments of human birth and infancy: insights to apply to contemporary life. Child. Environ. 11, 88-104.","journal-title":"Child. Environ."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203789599"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiologyonline.1996.11.2.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-196507000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(92)90082-D"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03670244.2012.661325"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.238113"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/28.3.863"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330070307"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0065"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12646"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3205.985"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_47_2","unstructured":"WHO. 1997 Thermal protection of the newborn: a practical guide. Maternal health and safe motherhood programme (WHO\/FHE\/MSM\/ 97 2). Geneva Switzerland: World Health Organization. (https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/63986\/WHO?sequence=1)"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13042"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21228"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.22557"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198183"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.233"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-24"}],"container-title":["Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T08:07:18Z","timestamp":1643184438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2021.0574","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"20210574"}}