{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:30:43Z","timestamp":1792132243517,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Facing a warming climate, many tropical species\u2014including the arthropod vectors of several infectious diseases\u2014will be displaced to higher latitudes and elevations. These shifts are frequently projected for the future, but rarely documented in the present day. Here, we use one of the most comprehensive datasets ever compiled by medical entomologists to track the observed range limits of African malaria mosquito vectors (\n                    <jats:italic>Anopheles<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) from 1898 to 2016. Using a simple regression approach, we estimate that these species\u2019 ranges gained an average of 6.5 m of elevation per year, and the southern limits of their ranges moved polewards 4.7 km per year. These shifts would be consistent with the local velocity of recent climate change, and might help explain the incursion of malaria transmission into new areas over the past few decades. Confirming that climate change underlies these shifts, and applying similar methods to other disease vectors, are important directions for future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2022.0365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]],"date-time":"2023-02-15T03:07:35Z","timestamp":1676430455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Rapid range shifts in African\n                    <i>Anopheles<\/i>\n                    mosquitoes over the last century"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6960-8434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Colin J.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Bannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science, Technology, and International Affairs Program, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Mendenhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science, Technology, and International Affairs Program, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Newfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"},{"name":"Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1539"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate2769"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.00967"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","volume-title":"Climate change 2021: the physical science basis","author":"Masson-Delmotte Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte Z, Pirani C. 2021 Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. 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