{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:28:10Z","timestamp":1791286090880,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009522","name":"College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009522","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The University of Tulsa, College of Engineering and Natural Sciences."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Over the past two decades, there has been an astounding growth in the documentation of vertebrate facultative parthenogenesis (FP). This unusual reproductive mode has been documented in birds, non-avian reptiles\u2014specifically lizards and snakes\u2014and elasmobranch fishes. Part of this growth among vertebrate taxa is attributable to awareness of the phenomenon itself and advances in molecular genetics\/genomics and bioinformatics, and as such our understanding has developed considerably. Nonetheless, questions remain as to its occurrence outside of these vertebrate lineages, most notably in Chelonia (turtles) and Crocodylia (crocodiles, alligators and gharials). The latter group is particularly interesting because unlike all previously documented cases of FP in vertebrates, crocodilians lack sex chromosomes and sex determination is controlled by temperature. Here, using whole-genome sequencing data, we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence of FP in a crocodilian, the American crocodile,\n                    <jats:italic>Crocodylus acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The data support terminal fusion automixis as the reproductive mechanism; a finding which suggests a common evolutionary origin of FP across reptiles, crocodilians and birds. With FP now documented in the two main branches of extant archosaurs, this discovery offers tantalizing insights into the possible reproductive capabilities of the extinct archosaurian relatives of crocodilians and birds, notably members of Pterosauria and Dinosauria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T02:40:09Z","timestamp":1686105609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Discovery of facultative parthenogenesis in a new world crocodile"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2355-0702","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Warren","family":"Booth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"},{"name":"Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, NM 88056, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4326-591X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Brenna A.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, NM 88056, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel B.","family":"Corush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL 61820, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9034-9430","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, IL 61820, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quetzal","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reptilandia Reptile Lagoon, Johnson City, TX 78636, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"De Plecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parque Reptilandia, Dominical 5000, Puntarenas Province, 11902, Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon W.","family":"Schuett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chiricahua Desert Museum, Rodeo, NM 88056, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12744"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0728"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0189"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.12819"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195369670.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0151"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bij.12286"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/212435a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Production of offspring in the absence of males: evidence for facultative parthenogenesis in bisexual snakes","volume":"5","author":"Fernandez PJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fernandez PJ, Gergits WF, Casna NJ, Smith HM, Mitton JB, Mackessy SP, Demlong MJ. 1997 Production of offspring in the absence of males: evidence for facultative parthenogenesis in bisexual snakes. 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In preparation. ParthenoGenius: a user-friendly heuristic for inferring presence and mode of facultative parthenogenesis using genomic data sets. See https:\/\/github.com\/brenna-levine\/Levine-ParthenoGenius."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000195678"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.150684"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.172"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254449"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13010106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12054-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_33_2","first-page":"304","article-title":"Additional details on temperature-dependent sex determination in Crocodylus acutus","volume":"53","author":"Charruau P","year":"2017","unstructured":"Charruau P, Mart\u00ednez DA, Cant\u00f3n G, M\u00e9ndez de la Cruz FR. 2017 Additional details on temperature-dependent sex determination in Crocodylus acutus. 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