{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:24:14Z","timestamp":1787243054226,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LP180101251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP180101251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Invasive environmentally transmitted parasites have the potential to cause declines in host populations independent of host density, but this is rarely characterized in naturally occurring populations. We investigated (1) epidemiological features of a declining bare-nosed wombat (\n                    <jats:italic>Vombatus ursinus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) population in central Tasmania owing to a sarcoptic mange (agent\n                    <jats:italic>Sarcoptes scabiei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) outbreak, and (2) reviewed all longitudinal wombat\u2013mange studies to improve our understanding of when host population declines may occur. Over a 7-year period, the wombat population declined 80% (95% CI 77\u201386%) and experienced a 55% range contraction. The average apparent prevalence of mange was high 27% (95% CI 21\u201334), increased slightly over our study period, and the population decline continued unabated, independent of declining host abundance. Combined with other longitudinal studies, our research indicated wombat populations may be at risk of decline when apparent prevalence exceeds 25%. This empirical study supports the capacity of environmentally transmitted parasites to cause density independent host population declines and suggests prevalence limits may be an indicator of impending decline-causing epizootics in bare-nosed wombats. This research is the first to test effects of density in mange epizootics where transmission is environmental and may provide a guide for when apparent prevalence indicates a local conservation threat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T19:06:39Z","timestamp":1692731199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Density independent decline from an environmentally transmitted parasite"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3579-7588","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Scott","family":"Carver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary M.","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-654X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leah G.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Highland Conservation Pty Ltd, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"Driessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Tasmania, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400841035"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.14371"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2007.0030-1299.15863.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1914794117"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.257"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12968"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14082"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biab106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2018.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0369"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3809675"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643097940"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13467"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1578-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-04-101"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","unstructured":"Martin A Skerratt L Carver S. 2017 Sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife. Fact sheet for Wildlife Health Australia. See https:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/FactSheets.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12770"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2021.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PC21007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","unstructured":"Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania Tasmanian Government. 2020. Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program (including TASVEG). See https:\/\/nre.tas.gov.au\/conservation\/development-planning-conservation-assessment\/planning-tools\/monitoring-and-mapping-tasmanias-vegetation-(tasveg) (accessed 28 January 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149749"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jwmg.22014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stannard HJ Wolfenden J Hermsen EM Vallin BT Hunter NE Old JM. 2020 Incidence of sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus). Aust. Mammal. 2 85\u201395. 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