{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:33:17Z","timestamp":1772155997127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Growing evidence shows that non-gametic components released by both males and females can significantly drive sperm competition outcomes. Seminal fluid (SF) was shown to influence paternity success by affecting rival males' sperm performance, and, in some species with male alternative reproductive tactics, to selectively decrease the fertilization success of males of the opposite tactic. Female reproductive fluid (FRF) has been proven to differentially influence ejaculates of different males and bias fertilization towards specific partners. Whether, and with what outcome, these two processes can intersect to influence sperm competition is still unknown. Here we explore this scenario in the grass goby (\n                    <jats:italic>Zosterisessor ophiocephalus),<\/jats:italic>\n                    a fish with territorial\u2013sneaker reproductive tactics, where sneaker males can exploit the territorials\u2019 SF while penalizing territorial sperm performance with their own fluid. To test whether FRF can rebalance the ejaculate competition in favour of territorial males, we used\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    fertilization with a SF mixture (territorial + sneaker), using increasing concentrations of FRF, to simulate the natural conditions that ejaculates encounter towards the eggs. Our findings revealed a differential effect of FRF on the different tactics' fertilization success, favouring territorial ejaculates, possibly through an attenuation of the detrimental effects of sneaker SF, and enabling females to regain control over the fertilization process.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]],"date-time":"2023-09-27T03:05:19Z","timestamp":1695783919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Female reproductive fluid and male seminal fluid: a non-gametic conflict for post-mating control"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-039X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Livia","family":"Pinzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3530-2565","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa","family":"Locatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Fano Marine Center, Fano 61032, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-1142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clelia","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Berica","family":"Rasotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1970.tb01176.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-652570-0.50008-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","volume-title":"Sperm competition and sexual selection","author":"Birkhead TR","year":"1998","unstructured":"Birkhead TR, M\u00f8ller AP. 1998 Sperm competition and sexual selection. 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