{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:04:34Z","timestamp":1787238274546,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Behavioural Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Many animal species have been shown to discriminate between individual humans in captive settings and may use a variety of cues to do so. Empirical evidence remains scarce for animals in the wild, however, particularly in aquatic contexts. For the first time, we investigated discrimination of individual humans by fish in the wild. We first trained two species of fish, saddled sea bream\n                    <jats:italic>Oblada melanura<\/jats:italic>\n                    and black sea bream\n                    <jats:italic>Spondyliosoma cantharus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , to follow a human diver to obtain a food reward. We then investigated whether they could discriminate between two human divers and follow the correct one in an operant-conditioning paradigm. We show that both species were able to quickly learn to discriminate between the two divers when they wore different diving gear. However, they showed no preference when both divers wore identical gear, suggesting that discrimination is based predominantly on visual cues from the dive gear. We discuss the implications of these results for ethical considerations and research practices.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2024.0558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T19:06:21Z","timestamp":1739905581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Wild fish use visual cues to recognize individual divers"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0879-1700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ma\u00eblan","family":"Tomasek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz 78467, Germany"},{"name":"LAboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et COgnitive, UMR6024, CNRS, UCA, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katinka","family":"Soller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz 78467, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6131-9734","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Evolution Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Konstanz 78467, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2018.0286"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4885"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7036.117.2.156"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-006-0025-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(97)00050-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.43.1.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00106-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(01)00162-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.581794"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.0957"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.191031"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2009.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-008-0203-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jintelligence8030028"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_18_2","unstructured":"Balcombe JP. 2016 What a fish knows: the inner lives of our underwater cousins. 1st edn. New York: Scientific American \/ Farrar Straus and Giroux."},{"key":"e_1_3_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2018.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10888705.2010.483892"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icesjms\/fsw151"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2017-066"},{"key":"e_1_3_9_23_2","unstructured":"Hartig F. 2024 DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level\/Mixed) Regression Models. R package version 0.4.7. See https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=DHARMa."},{"key":"e_1_3_9_24_2","volume-title":"An r companion to applied regression","author":"Fox J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fox J, Weisberg S. 2019 An r companion to applied regression, 3rd edn. 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