{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T09:47:25Z","timestamp":1787737645344,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/journals\/author\/Licence-to-Publish-20062019-final.pdf"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EMIMA experimental platform"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ANR"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biol. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human activities have disrupted the global carbon cycle, reducing carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) uptake by tidal wetlands and submerged vegetation. This exacerbates climate challenges, including rising temperatures and ocean acidification. Coastal systems such as mangroves and seagrasses serve as key carbon sinks, promising for CO\n                    <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                    removal (CDR). Growing attention is being given to bivalves, whose calcification and reef-building activities shape coastal carbon dynamics. Most studies reduce bivalve impacts to a balance between individual CO\n                    <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions and the carbon stored in their shells and tissues, often overlooking species interactions\u2014such as symbioses\u2014that may modulate carbon fluxes. Here, we examined the mussel\u2013symbiont holobiont using\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mytilus edulis<\/jats:italic>\n                    under emersion in a controlled chamber to quantify CO\n                    <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                    exchange. Mussels hosting cyanobacterial symbionts exhibited net atmospheric CO\n                    <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake during daily air exposure, a critical phase of the tidal cycle. To evaluate the potential significance at larger ecological scales, we combined laboratory-derived CO\n                    <jats:sub>\u2082<\/jats:sub>\n                    uptake data with field-based estimates of symbiont prevalence to model carbon fluxes at the mussel bed scale and compared them with values of established blue carbon systems. This research highlights the importance of species interactions in coastal carbon cycling and underscores the need to incorporate the mussel\u2013symbiont holobiont into CDR models.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:05:24Z","timestamp":1764115524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intertidal mussel\u2013symbiont associations act as CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    sinks during daily emersion"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Spilmont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 \u2013 LOG \u2013 Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anologie et de G\u00e9osciences, F\u201059000 Lille, France","place":["Lille, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8798-5794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gerardo I.","family":"Zardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 \u2013 LOG \u2013 Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anologie et de G\u00e9osciences, F\u201059000 Lille, France","place":["Lille, France"]},{"name":"Department Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University","place":["Grahamstown, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7071-141X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katy R.","family":"Nicastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral C\u00f4te d\u2019Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 \u2013 LOG \u2013 Laboratoire d\u2019Oc\u00e9anologie et de G\u00e9osciences, F\u201059000 Lille, France","place":["Lille, France"]},{"name":"Department Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University","place":["Grahamstown, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"IPCC, 2021: Climate change 2021\u2014the physical science basis","volume":"49","author":"Legg S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Legg S. 2021 IPCC, 2021: Climate change 2021\u2014the physical science basis. Interaction 49, 44\u201345. https:\/\/search.informit.org\/doi\/10.3316\/informit.315096509383738","journal-title":"Interaction"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03981-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2010.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2024.102820"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f13020149"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1477"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00139157.2013.843981"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","unstructured":"Howard J Hoyt S Isensee K Telszewski M Pidgeon E. 2014 Coastal blue carbon: methods for assessing carbon stocks and emissions factors in mangroves tidal salt marshes and seagrasses. Arlington VA: Conservation International Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO International Union for Conservation of Nature."},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.113018"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2024.108707"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12954"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-025-02358-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0160-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d11050075"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-012-0363-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006560"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GB003286"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2022.894501"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(73)90445-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00394201"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002270050651"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00227-001-0741-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/ab00464"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","unstructured":"ICES. 2017 Report of the Benthos Ecology Working Group (BEWG) 8\u201312 May 2017 Gdynia Poland. 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Figshare. 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