{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T11:01:05Z","timestamp":1784890865826,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For many wildlife impacted by invasive pathogens, demand for management that curbs impacts can exist long after emergence, yet there are few examples where management is demonstrated as both efficacious and sustainable. We investigated disease dynamics in a bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) population where there is demand for disease management and undertook an intervention to test the capacity to curb the severity of sarcoptic mange (caused by Sarcoptes scabiei) using relatively simple therapeutic delivery methods. Using transect surveys, we observed large numbers of bare-nosed wombats (average 50 per survey) in our survey area (ca 20 hectares), finding wombats were healthy (median body condition 4\/5) and had a low and stable apparent prevalence of mange (average 3.3%) over 20 months. We undertook a monthly disease management programme for six months, focused on targeted therapeutic (fluralaner) interventions delivered to free-ranging individuals with signs of sarcoptic mange. Our programme, applicable to other wildlife and wombat-mange situations, successfully reduced disease severity among all wombats surveyed, as well as for individuals who could be followed repeatedly. This empirical study establishes an efficacious, feasible and sustainable method of wildlife disease management in an endemic epidemiological setting, something that is rare in the literature on wildlife disease control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:06:48Z","timestamp":1765930008000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Disease dynamics and severity control of an established environmentally transmitted parasite"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3579-7588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Carver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia 1 , , ,","place":["Athens, GA, USA"],"department":["Odum School of Ecology"]},{"name":"University of Georgia 2 , , ,","place":["Athens, GA, USA"],"department":["Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Naesborg-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia 2 , , ,","place":["Athens, GA, USA"],"department":["Center for the Ecology of Infectious Diseases"]},{"name":"University of Georgia 3 , , ,","place":["Athens, GA, USA"],"department":["College of Veterinary Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Pulscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University 4 , , ,","place":["Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"department":["Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Mounsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Sunshine Coast 5 , , ,","place":["Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia"],"department":["School of Health"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010522511655300_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.01.007","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife: a critical perspective","volume":"31","author":"Tompkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12084","article-title":"Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and management","volume":"50","author":"Joseph","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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Tech."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14082","article-title":"Sarcoptic mange: an emerging panzootic in wildlife","volume":"69","author":"Escobar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2025.03.011","article-title":"Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies mite)","volume":"41","author":"Yabsley","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biab106","article-title":"Sustaining transmission in different host species: the emblematic case of Sarcoptes scabiei","volume":"72","author":"Browne","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2018.11.033","article-title":"A model for the treatment of environmentally transmitted sarcoptic mange in bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus)","volume":"462","author":"Beeton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.06.003","article-title":"A review of sarcoptic mange in North American wildlife","volume":"9","author":"Niedringhaus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/mam.12213","article-title":"Biology and management of sarcoptic mange in wild Caprinae populations","volume":"51","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mammal Rev."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13467","article-title":"Population-scale treatment informs solutions for control of environmentally transmitted wildlife disease","volume":"56","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3340-z","article-title":"The treatment of sarcoptic mange in wildlife: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Rowe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643097940","volume-title":"Wombats","author":"Triggs","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021022-042133","article-title":"The distinctive biology and characteristics of the bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus)","volume":"12","author":"Carver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1578-2","article-title":"The emergence of sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife: an unresolved debate","volume":"9","author":"Fraser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-04-101","article-title":"Expanded molecular typing of Sarcoptes scabiei provides further evidence of disease spillover events in the epidemiology of sarcoptic mange in Australian marsupials","volume":"55","author":"Fraser","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R18","unstructured":"Martin\n              A\n            , SkerrattL, CarverS. 2017Sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife. Fact sheet for wildlife health Australia. Seehttps:\/\/wildlifehealthaustralia.com.au\/FactSheets.aspx."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12770","article-title":"Sarcoptic mange in wombats\u2014a review and future research directions","volume":"65","author":"Old","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R20","first-page":"37","article-title":"Environmental suitability of bare-nosed wombat burrows for Sarcoptes scabiei","volume":"16","author":"Browne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.12968","article-title":"Invasive pathogen drives host population collapse: effects of a travelling wave of sarcoptic mange on bare-nosed wombats","volume":"55","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1071\/PC21007","article-title":"Conservation status of common wombats in Tasmania I: incidence of mange and its significance","volume":"28","author":"Driessen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pac. Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-07012-8","article-title":"The use of Cydectin\u00ae by wildlife carers to treat sarcoptic mange in free-ranging bare-nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus)","volume":"120","author":"Old","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-022-07460-4","article-title":"Drug dose and animal welfare: important considerations in the treatment of wildlife","volume":"121","author":"Mounsey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R25","first-page":"97","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for treating sarcoptic mange with cross-relevance to Australian wildlife","volume":"21","author":"Takano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149749","article-title":"Sarcoptes scabiei: the mange mite with mighty effects on the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus)","volume":"11","author":"Simpson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026010522511655300_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13960","article-title":"Host, environment, and anthropogenic factors drive landscape dynamics of an environmentally transmitted pathogen: sarcoptic mange in the bare-nosed wombat","volume":"92","author":"Ringwaldt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. 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