{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T23:25:16Z","timestamp":1784849116655,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010869","name":"Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010869","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014496","name":"Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014496","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023923","name":"Stanford King Center on Global Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Yanomami, an Indigenous group from the Amazon, confront multifaceted challenges endangering their health and cultural integrity. Of immediate concern is the humanitarian crisis caused by surges in malaria amid increasing illegal gold mining in their territory. Leveraging satellite imagery and panel regression analyses, we quantified the effect of land use changes on malaria incidence on their land (2016\u20132023). We observed an approximately 300% increase in malaria cases during this period, associated with increases in illegal gold mining. An increase of 1 s.d. in gold mining is associated with a 20\u201346% rise in malaria incidence 1\u20132 years later. We found that changes in forest areas significantly affect malaria rates: for every 1 s.d. increase in the perimeter of forest edges, malaria cases rise by 55%. Our findings highlight the major impact of illegal gold mining and the resulting fragmentation of forests on the high malaria burden experienced by the Yanomami.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:07:31Z","timestamp":1767744451000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigating the Yanomami malaria outbreak: gold mining and malaria"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"de Angeli Dutra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University 1 , , ,","place":["Stanford, CA, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]},{"name":"Bangor University 2 , ,","place":["Bangor, UK"],"department":["School of Environmental and Natural Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesus","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso 3 , ,","place":["Cuiab\u00e1, Brazil"],"department":["Faculdade de Medicina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5550-7157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9rika Martins","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 4 , , ,","place":["Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"],"department":["Departmento de Parasitologia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4402-5547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Mordecai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University 1 , , ,","place":["Stanford, CA, USA"],"department":["Department of Biology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010619072868500_R1","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n          . 2024World malaria report 2024: addressing inequity in the global malaria response. Seehttps:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240104440."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-016-1335-1","article-title":"Challenges for malaria elimination in Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02280-0","article-title":"Malaria is increasing in Indigenous and artisanal mining areas in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"29","author":"Castro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905315116","article-title":"Amazon deforestation drives malaria transmission, and malaria burden reduces forest clearing","volume":"116","author":"MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 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Rep."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn4936","article-title":"Protect the Amazon\u2019s Indigenous lands","volume":"375","author":"Mataveli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn6753","article-title":"Mining and Brazil\u2019s Indigenous peoples","volume":"375","author":"Ferrante","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R8","first-page":"823","article-title":"Populist authoritarian neoliberalism in Brazil: making sense of Bolsonaro\u2019s anti-environment agenda","volume":"28","author":"Deutsch","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Polit. Ecol."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R9","first-page":"124","article-title":"\u2018They are almost humans like us\u2019: indigenous politics and policy dismantling under Bolsonaro\u2019s government","volume":"13","author":"Barros Soares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Videre"},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102398","article-title":"Mining threatens isolated indigenous peoples in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"72","author":"Vill\u00e9n-P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54220-2","article-title":"Uncontrolled illegal mining and garimpo in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"15","author":"Cortinhas Ferreira Neto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization."},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R40","volume-title":"Global technical strategy for malaria 2016\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021","edition":"1st"},{"key":"2026010619072868500_R41","article-title":"Supplementary material from: Investigating the Yanomami malaria outbreak: gold mining and malaria. Figshare.","author":"de Angeli Dutra","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0659\/5624674\/rsbl.2025.0659.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0659\/5624674\/rsbl.2025.0659.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:07:39Z","timestamp":1767744459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article\/22\/1\/20250659\/478867\/Investigating-the-Yanomami-malaria-outbreak-gold"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0659","relation":{"is-basis-for":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.52843\/cassyni.9kg40m","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1098\/RSBL.2025.0659\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1744-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"article-number":"20250659"}}