{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T14:32:27Z","timestamp":1787581947953,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BBSRC Discovery fellowship","award":["BB\/S0109X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S0109X\/1"]}]},{"name":"Newcastle University Academic Track fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many birds practise biparental care, providing useful systems to study its evolution. Although nest building has largely been ignored as biparental behaviour, parental conflict and cooperation could begin during nest building, before incubation and offspring provisioning. While there are ample data on biparental incubation and provisioning in model species like zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), nest-building data largely concern material collection and preference in the males, not building by the\u00a0females. Here, we collected data on building by both female and male zebra finches to test whether building behaviour depends on the behaviour of their mate or on the material they used to build their nest. Males held nest material more frequently when their female was in the nest, while females held nest material longer when their male was away from the nest. But neither females nor males altered their building behaviour in response to changes in their partner holding nest material. Males that built with stiff material held the material more frequently than those that built with flexible material, while females manipulated stiff and flexible materials similarly. The next step will be to determine whether these building interactions affect later stages of parental care in the wild or in other species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:11:01Z","timestamp":1781050261000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nest building as a missing piece in biparental care"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4452-1177","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shoko","family":"Sugasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University 1 , Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Biological Diversity, Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews 2 , St Andrews, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Diversity, Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews 2 , St Andrews, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Olivares","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Diversity, Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews 2 , St Andrews, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8059-4480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan\u00a0D.","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Diversity, Harold Mitchell Building, School of Biology, University of St Andrews 2 , St Andrews, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2016.08.004","article-title":"Co-evolution, conflict and complexity: what have we learned about the evolution of parental care behaviours?","volume":"12","author":"Royle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2005.3458","article-title":"Prevalence of different modes of parental care in birds","volume":"273","author":"Cockburn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(02)00004-6","article-title":"Sexual conflict","volume":"18","author":"Chapman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00455","article-title":"Cooperation and coordination in socially monogamous birds: moving away from a focus on sexual conflict","volume":"7","author":"Griffith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2019.00335","article-title":"Conditional cooperation and turn-taking in parental care","volume":"7","author":"Johnstone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2656.13702","article-title":"Songbird parents coordinate offspring provisioning at fine spatio-temporal scales","volume":"91","author":"Baldan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20230136","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2023.0136","article-title":"Repeatable negotiation rules? Only females show repeatable responses to partner removal in a brood-provisioning songbird","volume":"19","author":"Baldan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20191312","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.1312","article-title":"Sex roles and the evolution of parental care specialization","volume":"286","author":"Henshaw","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160289","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2016.0289","article-title":"Sex-specific, inverted rhythms of breeding-site attendance in an Arctic seabird","volume":"12","author":"Huffeldt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-048X.2012.05555.x","article-title":"Nest visit synchrony is high and correlates with reproductive success in the wild zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata","volume":"43","author":"Mariette","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Avian Biol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1086\/679441","article-title":"The adaptive significance of provisioning and foraging coordination between breeding partners","volume":"185","author":"Mariette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2013.03.023","article-title":"Incubation behaviour and hatching synchrony differ in wild and captive populations of the zebra finch","volume":"85","author":"Gilby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0167368","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167368","article-title":"Diurnal and reproductive stage-dependent variation of parental behaviour in captive zebra finches","volume":"11","author":"Morvai","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arab035","article-title":"Sex-specific contributions to nest building in birds","volume":"32","author":"Mainwaring","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1163\/156853912X627997","article-title":"The role of male nest building in post-mating sexual selection in the monogamous red-necked grebe","volume":"149","author":"Kloskowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/122.4.1169","article-title":"Nest building is an indicator of parental quality in the monogamous neotropical buff-breasted wren (Thryothorus leucotis)","volume":"122","author":"Gill","year":"2005","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2021.06.004","article-title":"Cooperative nest building in wild jackdaw pairs","volume":"178","author":"Hahn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1525\/cond.2012.110135","article-title":"High coordination and equitable parental effort in the rufous hornero","volume":"114","author":"Massoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198540793.001.0001","volume-title":"The zebra finch: A synthesis of field and laboratory studies","author":"Zann","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/araa027","article-title":"Juvenile socio-ecological environment shapes material technology in nest-building birds","volume":"31","author":"Breen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav. 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Psychol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.1998.0938","article-title":"Nest building is a sexually selected behaviour in the barn swallow","volume":"56","author":"Soler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3184\/175815513X13615363233558","article-title":"Green plant material in avian nests","volume":"6","author":"Dubiec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avian Biol. Res."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C35","volume-title":"Hormones and reproduction of vertebrates","author":"Riters","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2025.114753","article-title":"Nest building and circulating testosterone dynamics in male zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata","volume":"369","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ukac006","DOI":"10.1093\/ornithology\/ukac006","article-title":"Resource allocation underlies parental decision-making during incubation in the Manx shearwater","volume":"139","author":"Gillies","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ornithology"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0310.2003.00906.x","article-title":"Why do both parents incubate in the Kentish plover?","volume":"109","author":"Kosztol\u00e1nyi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ethology"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/ibi.13040","article-title":"Day\u2013night cycle influences the division of incubation in the hooded dotterel (Thinornis cucullatus)","volume":"164","author":"Ryeland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ibis"},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2009.01792.x","article-title":"How is sexual conflict over parental care resolved? A meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2022.09.009","article-title":"Paying attention but not coordinating: parental care in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris","volume":"193","author":"Enns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/1.2.116","article-title":"Biparental care: short-term manipulation of partner contribution and brood size in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Wright","year":"1990","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3161\/00016454AO2015.50.1.011","article-title":"Thermal properties of bird nests depend on air-gaps between the materials","volume":"50","author":"Deeming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ornithol."},{"key":"2026082409370758000_RSBL20250767C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.12531","article-title":"There is no such a thing as a free cigarette: lining nests with discarded butts brings short-term benefits, but causes toxic damage","volume":"27","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."}],"container-title":["Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0767\/6160030\/rsbl.2025.0767.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0767\/6160030\/rsbl.2025.0767.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:46:13Z","timestamp":1787579173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article\/22\/6\/20250767\/482032\/Nest-building-as-a-missing-piece-in-biparental"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2025.0767","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9561","1744-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9561","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"article-number":"20250767"}}