{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:46:37Z","timestamp":1785923197525,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SEAI Research, Development & Demonstration Funding Programme 2021"},{"name":"CETUS Project","award":["21\/RDD\/670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21\/RDD\/670"]}]},{"name":"Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Obtaining host DNA from the blood meals of their invertebrate parasites (invertebrate-derived DNA, iDNA) has proven to be a powerful tool in terrestrial ecology for detecting vertebrates to answer questions relating to host community diversity. However, the use of iDNA in the marine environment is limited. Here, we assessed the efficacy of sampling parasites from the critically endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) to determine whether iDNA could (i) identify the host species and (ii) obtain host haplotype sequences. In total, 34 copepods (Trebius caudatus specimens, n = 30; Caligus elongatus specimens, n = 4) were processed from 20 flapper skates. Fin-clips were also taken from each flapper for comparison. iDNA identified the host species with 91% success. The host haplotype sequenced from multiple T. caudatus specimens sampled from the same host matched in all cases. A bias-reduced logistic regression found a positive but non-significant association between copepod gut length (z-score) and host\u2013copepod haplotype match success (\u03b2 = 0.67, p = 0.34). These findings demonstrate the utility of iDNA for confirming the identity and the haplotype of a cryptic conservation-listed batoid and its potential to transform community-led genetic sampling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2026.0112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:16:32Z","timestamp":1785921392000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recovering host DNA from their invertebrate parasites: a minimally invasive genetic sampling tool for the critically endangered flapper skate"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9449-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle Leigh","family":"Orrell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Sustainability Institute, MaREI \u2013 the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine 2 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7804-4993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7661-6673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie R.","family":"Ruding Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9906-4359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Haberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Institute, MaREI \u2013 the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine 2 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8671-8493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Harman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2278-4024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Cohuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Sustainability Institute, MaREI \u2013 the SFI Research Centre for Energy, Climate and Marine 2 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Courtmacsherry Angling 3 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Cork Charters 4 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-9640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"Dillane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-5590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Kenneth","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork 1 , Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149724","article-title":"Mapping differences in mammalian distributions and diversity using environmental DNA from rivers","volume":"801","author":"Broadhurst","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C2","volume-title":"Conservation genetics in the Neotropics","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Castro","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12183","article-title":"Carrion fly-derived DNA as a tool for comprehensive and cost-effective assessment of mammalian biodiversity","volume":"22","author":"Calvignac-Spencer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2015-0193","article-title":"Field calibration of blowfly-derived DNA against traditional methods for assessing mammal diversity in tropical forests","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13525","article-title":"Invertebrates for vertebrate biodiversity monitoring: comparisons using three insect taxa as iDNA samplers","volume":"22","author":"Massey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13851","article-title":"Comparing iDNA from mosquitoes and flies to survey mammals in a semi-controlled Neotropical area","volume":"23","author":"Saranholi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13411","article-title":"Shifting up a gear with iDNA: from mammal detection events to standardised surveys","volume":"56","author":"Abrams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-007-9014-4","article-title":"Global diversity of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) in freshwater","volume":"595","author":"Boxshall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12034","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12034","article-title":"A synthesis tree of the Copepoda: integrating phylogenetic and taxonomic data reveals multiple origins of parasitism","volume":"9","author":"Bernot","year":"2021","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2017.00420","article-title":"iDNA at sea: recovery of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) mitochondrial DNA sequences from the whale shark copepod (Pandarus rhincodonicus) confirms global population structure","volume":"4","author":"Meekan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10030192","article-title":"Beyond biodiversity: can environmental DNA (eDNA) cut it as a population genetics tool?","volume":"10","author":"Adams","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C12","volume-title":"Sharks, batoids and chimeras of the North Atlantic","author":"Ebert","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.15466","article-title":"A holistic and comprehensive data approach validates the distribution of the critically endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius)","volume":"103","author":"Garbett","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2002.00416.x","article-title":"Predicting extinction vulnerability in skates","volume":"16","author":"Dulvy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C15","article-title":"IUCN red list of threatened species: Dipturus intermedius","author":"Ellis","year":"2021","journal-title":"IUCN Red List Threat"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/aqc.1083","article-title":"Taxonomic confusion and market mislabelling of threatened skates: important consequences for their conservation status","volume":"20","author":"Igl\u00e9sias","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3354\/meps14242","article-title":"Mitochondrial haplotypes reveal low diversity and restricted connectivity in the critically endangered batoid population of a Marine Protected Area","volume":"731","author":"Schwanck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C18","first-page":"1497","article-title":"Molecular markers reveal spatially segregated cryptic species in a critically endangered fish, the common skate (Dipturus batis)","volume-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B","author":"Griffiths","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1716","article-title":"DNA barcoding Australia's fish species","volume":"360","author":"Ward","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 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Species Res."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C34"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C35"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C36"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C37"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3354\/aei00486","article-title":"Effect of temperature on development rate and egg production in Caligus elongatus and other sea louse species","volume":"16","author":"Hamre","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquac. Environ. Interact."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2004.0368.x","article-title":"Anaemia and salmonid swimming performance: the potential effects of sub-lethal sea lice infection","volume":"64","author":"Wagner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4174.1.27","article-title":"On the occurrence of caligids (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in the marine plankton: a review and checklist","volume":"4174","author":"Maran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.10.039","article-title":"Sea lice infections of wild fishes near ranched southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in South Australia","volume":"320","author":"Hayward","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.70248","article-title":"Community science datasets identify the spatial occurrence and hotspots of flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius)","volume":"108","author":"Orrell","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Fish Biol."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C43","volume-title":"Leeches (Hirudinea) their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology","author":"Mann","year":"1962"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315400054771","article-title":"The ecology of some parasitic copepods of gadoids and other fishes","volume":"25","author":"Sproston","year":"1941","journal-title":"J. Mar. Biol. Assoc."},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C45","article-title":"Recovering host DNA from their invertebrate parasites: a minimally invasive genetic sampling tool for the Critically Endangered flapper skate [Data set]","author":"Orrell","year":"2026","journal-title":"Zenodo"},{"key":"2026080505162115600_RSBL20260112C46","article-title":"Supplementary material from: Recovering host DNA from their invertebrate parasites: a minimally invasive genetic sampling tool for the Critically Endangered flapper skate","author":"Orrell","year":"2026","journal-title":"FigShare"}],"container-title":["Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2026.0112\/6155400\/rsbl.2026.0112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbl.2026.0112\/6155400\/rsbl.2026.0112.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T09:16:38Z","timestamp":1785921398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/rsbl\/article\/22\/8\/20260112\/482711\/Recovering-host-DNA-from-their-invertebrate"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2026.0112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-9561","1744-957X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-9561","type":"print"},{"value":"1744-957X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"article-number":"20260112"}}