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Sloan Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interface Focus."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of artificially coloured stimuli, especially to test hypotheses about sexual selection and anti-predator defence, has been common in behavioural ecology since the pioneering work of Tinbergen. To investigate the effects of colour on animal behaviour, many researchers use paints, markers and dyes to modify existing colours or to add colour to synthetic models. Because colour perception varies widely across species, it is critical to account for the signal receiver's vision when performing colour manipulations. To explore this, we applied 26 typical coloration products to different types of avian feathers. Next, we measured the artificially coloured feathers using two complementary techniques\u2014spectrophotometry and digital ultraviolet--visible photography\u2014and modelled their appearance to mammalian dichromats (ferret, dog), trichromats (honeybee, human) and avian tetrachromats (hummingbird, blue tit). Overall, artificial colours can have dramatic and sometimes unexpected effects on the reflectance properties of feathers, often differing based on feather type. The degree to which an artificial colour differs from the original colour greatly depends on an animal's visual system. \u2018White\u2019 paint to a human is not \u2018white\u2019 to a honeybee or blue tit. Based on our analysis, we offer practical guidelines for reducing the risk of introducing unintended effects when using artificial colours in behavioural experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2018.0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,19]],"date-time":"2018-12-19T08:18:49Z","timestamp":1545207529000},"page":"20180053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["I see your false colours: how artificial stimuli appear to different animal viewers"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8264-3170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mary Caswell","family":"Stoddard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey 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