{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:31:19Z","timestamp":1767861079596,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/licence"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article explores the emergence, in late nineteenth-century Britain and the USA, of the \u2018insomniac\u2019 as a distinct pathological and social archetype. Sleeplessness has of course been a human problem for millennia, but only since the late-Victorian period has there been a specific diagnostic name for the individual who suffers chronically from insufficient sleep. The introductory section of the article, which notes the current panic about sleep problems, offers a brief sketch of the history of sleeplessness, acknowledging the transhistorical nature of this condition but also pointing to the appearance, during the period of the Enlightenment, of the term \u2018insomnia\u2019 itself. The second section makes more specific historical claims about the rise of insomnia in the accelerating conditions of everyday life in urban society at the end of the nineteenth century. It traces the rise of the insomniac as such, especially in the context of medical debates about \u2018neurasthenia\u2019, as someone whose identity is constitutively defined by their inability to sleep. The third section, tightening the focus of the article, goes on to reconstruct the biography of one exemplary late nineteenth-century insomniac, the American dentist Albert Kimball, in order to illustrate the claim that insomnia was one of the pre-eminent symptoms of a certain crisis in industrial and metropolitan modernity as this social condition was lived by individuals at the fin de si\u00e8cle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2019.0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T03:05:40Z","timestamp":1587092740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Insomnia and the late nineteenth-century insomniac: the case of Albert Kimball"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5638-6083","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Beaumont","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","department":["Department of English Literature, UCL,"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C1","volume-title":"To rise again at a decent hour","author":"Ferris","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C2","volume-title":"Why we sleep","author":"Walker","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C3","volume-title":"24\/7: late capitalism and the ends of sleep","author":"Crary","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C4","volume-title":"Insomnia: a cultural history","author":"Summers-Bremner","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/9781442627789","volume-title":"The sleep of others and the transformation of sleep research","author":"Kroker","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/pastj\/gtu040","article-title":"The modernization of western sleep: or, does insomnia have a history","volume":"226","author":"Ekirch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Past Present"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12987\/yale\/9780300220391.001.0001","volume-title":"Sleep in early modern England","author":"Handley","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C8","volume-title":"Wild nights: how taming sleep created our restless world","author":"Reiss","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137268747","volume-title":"Becoming insomniac: how sleeplessness alarmed modernity.","author":"Scrivner","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C10","volume-title":"A history of sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction","author":"Foucault","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C11","volume-title":"Dead Men's tales","author":"Junor","year":"1898"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C12","author":"Anonymous","year":"1894"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C13","volume-title":"American nervousness, 1903: an anecdotal history","author":"Lutz","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004333406","volume-title":"Cultures of neurasthenia: from beard to the First World War","author":"Gijswijt-Hoftra","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10585-000","volume-title":"American nervousness: its causes and consequences","author":"Beard","year":"1881"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)05715-X","article-title":"The insomnia of neurasthenia","volume":"141","author":"Hedley","year":"1893","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026010712292502400_RSFS20190074C17","first-page":"414","article-title":"The etiology and treatment of neurasthenia: an analysis of three hundred and thirty-three cases","volume":"55","author":"Collins","year":"1899","journal-title":"Med. 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