{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:22:49Z","timestamp":1784956969931,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001516","name":"National Heart Foundation of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HL135109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL135109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001509","name":"Royal Society Te Ap\u0101rangi","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interface Focus."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) is not effectively treated due to a lack of adequate tools for identifying patient-specific AF substrates. Recent studies revealed that in 30\u201350% of patients, persistent AF is maintained by localized drivers not only in the left atrium (LA) but also in the right atrium (RA). The chamber-specific atrial wall thickness (AWT) features underlying AF remain elusive, though the important role of AWT in AF is widely acknowledged. We aimed to provide direct evidence of the existence of distinguished RA and LA AWT features underlying AF drivers by analysing functionally and structurally mapped human hearts\n            <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . Coronary-perfused intact human atria (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 7, 47 \u00b1 14 y.o.; two female) were mapped using panoramic near-infrared optical mapping during pacing-induced AF. Then the hearts were imaged at approximately 170 \u00b5m\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            resolution by 9.4 T gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The heart was segmented, and 3D AWT throughout atrial chambers was estimated and analysed. Optical mapping identified six localized RA re-entrant drivers in four hearts and four LA drivers in three hearts. All RA AF drivers were anchored to the pectinate muscle junctions with the crista terminalis or atrial walls. The four LA AF drivers were in the posterior LA. RA (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 4) with AF drivers were thicker with greater AWT variation than RA (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3) without drivers (5.4 \u00b1 2.6 mm versus 5.0 \u00b1 2.4 mm,\n            <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n            -test\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05;\n            <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n            -test\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, AWT in RA driver regions was thicker and varied more than in RA non-driver regions (5.1 \u00b1 2.5 mm versus 4.4 \u00b1 2.2 mm,\n            <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n            -test\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05;\n            <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n            -test\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, LA (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 3) with drivers was thinner than the LA (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 4) without drivers. In particular, LA driver regions were thinner than the rest of LA regions (3.4 \u00b1 1.0 mm versus 4.2 \u00b1 1.0 mm,\n            <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n            -test\n            <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrates chamber-specific AWT features of AF drivers. In RA, driver regions are thicker and have more variable AWT than non-driver regions. By contrast, LA drivers are thinner than non-drivers. Robust evaluation of patient-specific AWT features should be considered for chamber-specific targeted ablation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2023.0044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T08:05:12Z","timestamp":1702627512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Chamber-specific wall thickness features in human atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3303-0401","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jichao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kennelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaqel","family":"Nalar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Kulathilaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bob and Corrine Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vadim V.","family":"Fedorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Bob and Corrine Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.079"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.967950"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv233"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.8831"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.103444"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20106"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.83.4.448"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Potse M Gharaviri A Pezzuto S Auricchio A Krause R Verheule S Schotten U. 2018 Anatomically-induced fibrillation in a 3D model of the human atria. In 2018 Computing in Cardiology Conf. (CinC) Maastricht The Netherlands 23\u201326 September 2018. (doi:10.22489\/CinC.2018.366)","DOI":"10.22489\/CinC.2018.366"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.005922"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv073"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2671839"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01352"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/joa3.12676"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.068302"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","volume-title":"2020 Computing in Cardiology, Rimini, Italy, 13\u201316 September 2020","author":"Azzolin L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Azzolin L, Luongo G, Ventura SR, Saiz J, D\u00f6sse O, Loewe A. 2020 Influence of gradient and smoothness of atrial wall thickness on initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. 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