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Transcranial tissue Doppler (TCTD) uses a lightweight, wearable single-element ultrasound probe to track tissue motion perpendicular to the skin\u2019s surface, providing tissue displacement estimates along a single beam line. Feasibility tests using an adapted TCD system confirmed that brain tissue motion data can be obtained from existing TCD hardware. Brain Tissue Velocimetry (Brain TV), a TCTD data acquisition system, was then developed to provide a lightweight and portable means of continuously recording TCTD data in real-time. Brain TV measurements are synchronized to a 3-lead electrocardiogram and can be recorded alongside other physiological measurements, such as blood pressure, heart rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide. We have shown that Brain TV is able to record BTPs from sample depths ranging from 22 to 80 mm below the probe\u2019s surface and from multiple positions on the head. Studies in healthy volunteers, stroke patients and ultrasound phantom brain models demonstrate how TCTD might provide insights into the relationships between physiological measurements and brain tissue motion and show promise for rapid clinical assessment and continuous monitoring of BTPs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2024.0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T00:05:11Z","timestamp":1733443511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A brief history of the development of transcranial tissue Doppler ultrasound"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2741-3652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Nicholls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cerebral Haemodynamics in Ageing and Stroke Medicine (CHiASM) Research Group University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lecchini-Visintini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2008-8372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Ince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cerebral Haemodynamics in Ageing and Stroke Medicine (CHiASM) Research Group University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Pallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cerebral Haemodynamics in Ageing and Stroke Medicine (CHiASM) Research Group University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0576-9105","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jatinder S.","family":"Minhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cerebral Haemodynamics in Ageing and Stroke Medicine (CHiASM) Research Group University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"},{"name":"University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Oura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nihon Kohden Corporation Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-0037, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3723-9085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emma M. 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