{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:33:24Z","timestamp":1772156004689,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interface Focus."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"abstract":"\n Manu jumping, a popular water diving style among M\n \n \n \n a<\/mml:mtext>\n \u00af<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ori people in New Zealand, focuses on creating large splashes. Divers perform aerial manoeuvres such as the \u2018utkatasana\u2019 pose, entering the water in a V-shape, and executing underwater manoeuvres to enhance the splash size. Our study explores the underlying fluid dynamics of Manu jumping and demonstrates how two key parameters, the V-angle and the timing of body opening, can enhance Worthington jet formation. To accurately replicate human Manu jumping, we studied water entry of both passive solid objects with varying V-angles and an active body opening robot (Manubot). The analysis revealed that a 45\u00b0 V-angle enhances Worthington jet formation, consistent with human diving data. This angle balances a large cavity size and a deep pinch-off depth. The body opening within a timing window of\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n t<\/mml:mi>\n ^<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n \n r<\/mml:mi>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:msub>\n =<\/mml:mo>\n 1.1<\/mml:mn>\n \n \u2212<\/mml:mo>\n \n 1.5<\/mml:mn>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:mstyle>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n synchronizes the robot\u2019s potential energies to be timely transferred to the cavity formation, producing the strongest and most vertical, i.e. ideal, Worthington jets. Based on our experimental findings, we propose a range of parameters for generating the large Manu splashes. These insights offer engineering perspectives on how to modulate underwater cavity dynamics using both passive and active body formations.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2024.0056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T03:01:03Z","timestamp":1747364463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mastering the Manu\u2014how humans create large splashes"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1918-9902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pankaj","family":"Rohilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daehyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halley","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai Lauren","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juhi","family":"Deora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atharva","family":"Lele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-9920","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Saad","family":"Bhamla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology","place":["Atlanta, USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_9_2_2","unstructured":"Manu Z. 2024 Z Manu world champs. See https:\/\/manuworldchamps.com\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_9_3_2","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill Z. 2023 Pop some manus diving in New Zealand with Zico O\u2019Neill. See https:\/\/athletamag.com\/en\/pop-some-manus-diving-new-zealand-zico-oneill\/."},{"key":"e_1_3_9_4_2","volume-title":"A study of splashes","author":"Worthington AM","year":"1908","unstructured":"Worthington AM. 1908 A study of splashes. 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