{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:13:36Z","timestamp":1778624016278,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Barnacles are a major biofouler of man-made underwater structures. Prior to settlement, cypris larvae explore surfaces by reversible attachment effected by a \u2018temporary adhesive\u2019. During this exploratory behaviour, cyprids deposit proteinaceous \u2018footprints\u2019 of a putatively adhesive material. In this study, footprints deposited by\n                    <jats:italic>Balanus amphitrite<\/jats:italic>\n                    cyprids were probed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in artificial sea water (ASW) on silane-modified glass surfaces. AFM images obtained in air yielded better resolution than in ASW and revealed the fibrillar nature of the secretion, suggesting that the deposits were composed of single proteinaceous nanofibrils, or bundles of fibrils. The force curves generated in pull-off force experiments in sea water consisted of regions of gradually increasing force, separated by sharp drops in extension force manifesting a characteristic saw-tooth appearance. Following the relaxation of fibrils stretched to high strains, force\u2013distance curves in reverse stretching experiments could be described by the entropic elasticity model of a polymer chain. When subjected to relaxation exceeding 500 ms, extended footprint proteins refolded, and again showed saw-tooth unfolding peaks in subsequent force cycles. Observed rupture and hysteresis behaviour were explained by the \u2018sacrificial bond\u2019 model. Longer durations of relaxation (&gt;5 s) allowed more sacrificial bond reformation and contributed to enhanced energy dissipation (higher toughness). The persistence length for the protein chains (\n                    <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>P<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was obtained. At high elongation, following repeated stretching up to increasing upper strain limits, footprint proteins detached at total stretched length of 10 \u00b5m.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,1]],"date-time":"2009-07-01T20:32:18Z","timestamp":1246480338000},"page":"285-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Atomic force microscopy of the morphology and mechanical behaviour of barnacle cyprid footprint proteins at the nanoscale"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"In Yee","family":"Phang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Aldred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing Yi","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurriaan","family":"Huskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 Enschede, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony S.","family":"Clare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. Julius","family":"Vancso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la015695b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010802256117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010801885908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The development of foul-release coatings for seagoing vessels","volume":"4","author":"Anderson C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mar. Des. 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