{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:18:47Z","timestamp":1791087527565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"67","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,13]],"date-time":"2011-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigate the role of human mobility as a driver for long-range spreading of cholera infections, which primarily propagate through hydrologically controlled ecological corridors. Our aim is to build a spatially explicit model of a disease epidemic, which is relevant to both social and scientific issues. We present a two-layer network model that accounts for the interplay between epidemiological dynamics, hydrological transport and long-distance dissemination of the pathogen Vibrio cholerae owing to host movement, described here by means of a gravity-model approach. We test our model against epidemiological data recorded during the extensive cholera outbreak occurred in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa during 2000\u20132001. We show that long-range human movement is fundamental in quantifying otherwise unexplained inter-catchment transport of V. cholerae, thus playing a key role in the formation of regional patterns of cholera epidemics. We also show quantitatively how heterogeneously distributed drinking water supplies and sanitation conditions may affect large-scale cholera transmission, and analyse the effects of different sanitation policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,13]],"date-time":"2011-07-13T09:13:33Z","timestamp":1310548413000},"page":"376-388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Modelling cholera epidemics: the role of waterways, human mobility and sanitation"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Mari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1","department":["Laboratory of Ecohydrology (ECHO), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bertuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1","department":["Laboratory of Ecohydrology (ECHO), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Righetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1","department":["Laboratory of Ecohydrology (ECHO), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Casagrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2","department":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2","department":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Rodriguez-Iturbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3","department":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rinaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1","department":["Laboratory of Ecohydrology (ECHO), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010520363962400_RSIF20110304C1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07084","article-title":"Inapparent infections and cholera dynamics","volume":"454","author":"King,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026010520363962400_RSIF20110304C2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-31","article-title":"Seasonality of cholera from 1974 to 2005: a review of global patterns","volume":"7","author":"Emch,","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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