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Here, we demonstrate the applicability and advantages of ToF-SIMS analysis for the study of minerals and biomolecules in osseous tissue. The locally resolved analysis of fragment ions deriving from the sample surface enables imaging and differentiation of bone tissue and facilitates histology on non-stained cross sections. In a rat model, bilateral ovariectomy combined with either a multi-deficiency diet or steroid treatment was carried out to create osteoporotic conditions. We focused our study on the Ca content of the mineralized tissue and monitored its decline. Calcium mass images of cross sections show the progressive degenerative changes in the bone. We observed a decreased Ca concentration in the edge region of the trabeculae and a decline in the Ca\/P ratio. Additionally, we focused on the non-mineralized matrix and identified fragment ions that are characteristic for the collagen matrix. We observed trabeculae with wide ranges of non-mineralized collagen for the diet group owing to an impaired mineralization process. Here, the advantage of coeval monitoring of collagen and minerals indicated an osteomalacic model rather than an osteoporotic one.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T05:13:20Z","timestamp":1374124400000},"page":"20130332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Applicability of ToF-SIMS for monitoring compositional changes in bone in a long-term animal model"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Henss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Rohnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaqif","family":"El Khassawna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, University of Giessen, Kerkrader Strasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parameswari","family":"Govindarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, University of Giessen, Kerkrader Strasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudrun","family":"Schlewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, University of Giessen, Kerkrader Strasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Heiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, University of Giessen, Kerkrader Strasse 9, 35394 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Janek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2007.057505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.03.669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"Radiologische Analyse des Knochens","author":"Heuck F","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00112-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-010-0258-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889806044888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889800001321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.091028","article-title":"Bone material quality in transiliac bone biopsies of postmenopausal osteoporotic women after 3 years of strontium ranelate treatment","volume":"25","author":"Roschger P","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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