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In this paper, we propose a mathematical method to identify areas where surveillance is critical and low reporting rates might leave epidemics undetected. Our approach combines the use of reference-based susceptible\u2013exposed\u2013infectious models and observed reporting data; We propose two different specifications, for constant and time-varying surveillance, respectively. Our case study is centred around the spread of the raccoon rabies epidemic in the state of New York, using data collected between 1990 and 2007. Both methods offer a feasible solution to analyse and identify areas of intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2013.0418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T09:13:20Z","timestamp":1374138800000},"page":"20130418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Structuring targeted surveillance for monitoring disease emergence by mapping observational data onto ecological process"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Gerardo-Giorda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Ecology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavino","family":"Puggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Ecology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Rudd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabies Lab, Wadsworth Laboratories, New York State Health Department, Albany, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lance A.","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Ecology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Ecology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Microbial threats to health: emergence, detection and response","author":"Smolinski MS","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195372922.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511666865.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240326697"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-6-20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.22.2.1431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(01)00203-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2012.01836.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198567080.003.0012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"2148","article-title":"Mathematic model for the population biology of rabies in raccoons in the mid-Atlantic states","volume":"50","author":"Coyne MJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. 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