{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T22:35:23Z","timestamp":1791585323054,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"130","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,1]],"date-time":"2017-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1493596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States National Science Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[090108\/Z\/09\/Z], [085992\/Z\/08\/Z]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[090108\/Z\/09\/Z], [085992\/Z\/08\/Z]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[PG\/09\/077\/27964]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[PG\/09\/077\/27964]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Training Award 1354760"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Training Award 1354760"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004350","name":"Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Cambridge Centre for Trophoblast Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth are major pregnancy disorders throughout the world. The underlying pathogenesis of these diseases is defective placentation characterized by inadequate invasion of extravillous placental trophoblast cells into the uterine arteries. How trophoblast invasion is controlled remains an unanswered question but is influenced by maternal uterine immune cells called decidual natural killer cells. Here, we describe an\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            microfluidic invasion assay to study the migration of primary human trophoblast cells. Each experiment can be performed with a small number of cells making it possible to conduct research on human samples despite the challenges of isolating primary trophoblast cells. Cells are exposed to a chemical gradient and tracked in a three-dimensional microenvironment using real-time high-resolution imaging, so that dynamic readouts on cell migration such as directionality, motility and velocity are obtained. The microfluidic system was validated using isolated trophoblast and a gradient of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, a cytokine produced by activated decidual natural killer cells. This microfluidic model provides detailed analysis of the dynamics of trophoblast migration compared to previous assays and can be modified in future to study\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            how human trophoblast behaves during placentation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2017.0131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]],"date-time":"2017-05-31T11:10:13Z","timestamp":1496229013000},"page":"20170131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["A microfluidics assay to study invasion of human placental trophoblast cells"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yassen","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin Melati","family":"Oefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Polacheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Kamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Moffett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-748X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Oyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nanoscience Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Trophoblast Research (CTR), Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1897"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1991.tb13450.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082764gb"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Boyden chamber assay","volume":"294","author":"Chen H-C","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods Mol. 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