{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:13:33Z","timestamp":1792502013249,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"147","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538352000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["083931\/Z\/07\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["083931\/Z\/07\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100891\/Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100891\/Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            In low-income countries, complex comorbidities and weak health systems confound disease diagnosis and treatment. Yet, data-driven approaches have not been applied to develop better diagnostic strategies or to tailor treatment delivery for individuals within rural poor communities. We observed symptoms\/diseases reported within three months by 16 357 individuals aged 1+ years in 17 villages of Mayuge District, Uganda. Symptoms were mapped to the Human Phenotype Ontology. Comorbidity networks were constructed. An edge between two symptoms\/diseases was generated if the relative risk greater than 1,\n            <jats:italic>\u03d5<\/jats:italic>\n            correlation greater than 0, and local false discovery rate less than 0.05. We studied how network structure and flagship symptom profiles varied against biosocial factors. 88.05% of individuals (14 402\/16 357) reported at least one symptom\/disease. Young children and individuals in worse-off households\u2014low socioeconomic status, poor water, sanitation, and hygiene, and poor medical care\u2014had dense network structures with the highest comorbidity burden and\/or were conducive to the onset of new comorbidities from existing flagship symptoms, such as fever. Flagship symptom profiles for fever revealed self-misdiagnoses of fever as malaria and sexually transmitted infections as a potentially missed cause of fever in individuals of reproductive age. Network analysis may inform the development of new diagnostic and treatment strategies for flagship symptoms used to characterize syndromes\/diseases of global concern.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2018.0248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T07:25:50Z","timestamp":1540970750000},"page":"20180248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Precision global health and comorbidity: a population-based study of 16 357 people in rural Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goylette F.","family":"Chami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcis B.","family":"Kabatereine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK"},{"name":"Bilharzia and Worm Control Programme, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edridah M.","family":"Tukahebwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bilharzia and Worm Control Programme, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, 15 Bombo Road, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Dunne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30003-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30402-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30403-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1500523"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1608282"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2949"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2918"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701361104"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802208105"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5212"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000353"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1257601"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002141"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5022"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158140"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw282"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/16\/11\/115013"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1506241"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/540189a"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30339-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30599-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004193","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004193","article-title":"Influence of Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm infection intensities on anaemia in Ugandan villages","volume":"9","author":"Chami GF","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. 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