{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:52Z","timestamp":1790694892708,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"The Royal Society","issue":"185","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/journals\/ethics-policies\/data-sharing-mining\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["royalsocietypublishing.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J. R. Soc. Interface."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    For billions of years, photosynthetic microbes have evolved under the variable exposure to sunlight in diverse ecosystems and microhabitats all over our planet. Their abilities to dynamically respond to alterations of the luminous intensity, including phototaxis, surface association and diurnal cell cycles, are pivotal for their survival. If these strategies fail in the absence of light, the microbes can still sustain essential metabolic functionalities and motility by switching their energy production from photosynthesis to oxygen respiration. For suspensions of motile\n                    <jats:italic>C. reinhardtii<\/jats:italic>\n                    cells above a critical density, we demonstrate that this switch reversibly controls collective microbial aggregation. Aerobic respiration dominates over photosynthesis in conditions of low light, which causes the microbial motility to sensitively depend on the local availability of oxygen. For dense microbial populations in self-generated oxygen gradients, microfluidic experiments and continuum theory based on a reaction\u2013diffusion mechanism show that oxygen-regulated motility enables the collective emergence of highly localized regions of high and low cell densities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2021.0553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T03:13:14Z","timestamp":1638328394000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Self-generated oxygen gradients control collective aggregation of photosynthetic microbes"],"prefix":"10.1098","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8089-6887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandros A.","family":"Fragkopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9043-4034","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Vachier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfv\u00e9ns v\u00e4g 12, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora-Maud","family":"Le Menn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-9121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marco G.","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-8285","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Wilczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3909-3334","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4879-0369","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oliver","family":"B\u00e4umchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization (MPIDS), Am Fa\u00dfberg 17, 37077 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universit\u00e4tsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"175","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","volume-title":"Handbook of photosynthesis","author":"Pessarakli M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pessarakli M. 1996 Handbook of photosynthesis. 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